List of Figures
List of Tables
Acknowledgments
Part 1. A Foundation for Research
1. The Groundwork
Determining Function
Laying a Foundation for Analysis
Classifying Ground Stone
2. Grinding Technology and Technological Analysis Design and Manufacture
Use
Wear
Use-Wear Analysis
Kinematics
Disuse, or the Afterlife
Data Collection
Answering Research Questions
Analysis Strategy
3. Resources for Modeling Tool Use and Technological Behavior
Photographs
Ethnography
Experimental Replication
Designing Experimental Research
Part 2. Artifact Descriptions
4. Abrading, Smoothing, and Polishing Tools
Abraders and Smoothers
Polishers
Hide-Processing Stones
5. Grinding and Pulverizing Tools
Manos and Metates
Mortars
Pitted and Cupped Stones
Pestles
Handstones
Netherstones
Grinding Slabs
Lapstones
Palettes
6. Percussion Tools
Hammerstones
Pecking Stones
Choppers
Chisels
Crushers and Fergoliths
Pottery Anvils
Lithic Anvils
7. Hafted Percussion Tools
Axes
Mauls
Picks
Adzes
Mattocks
Hoes
Tchamahias
8. Spinning Tools
Fire-Drill Hearths
Spindle Bases
Whorls
9. Perforating, Cutting, and Scraping Tools
Awls
Reamers
Tabular Tools
Saws and Files
Planes
10. Paraphernalia
Atlatl Parts
Balls
Bell Stones
Cruciforms
Cylinders and Medicine Stones
Plummets and Weights
Disks
Lightning Stones
Pipes and Tubes
Shaped Stones
Pigments
Personal Ornaments
Figurines
Ecofacts
11. Containers and Container Closures
Bowls and Censers
Trays
Closures
12. Structural Stones
Loomblocks
Cooking Stones
Trivets
Fire-Cracked Rock
Appendix A. General Artifact Form
Appendix B. Handstone Form
Appendix C. Netherstone Form
Appendix D. Hafted Tool Form
Appendix E. Grooved Artifact Form
Appendix F. Perforated Artifact Form
Glossary
References Cited
Index