Shaping Science with Rhetoric The Cases of Dobzhansky, Schrodinger, and Wilson
by Leah Ceccarelli
University of Chicago Press, 2001
Cloth: 978-0-226-09906-4 | Paper: 978-0-226-09907-1 | Electronic: 978-0-226-09908-8
DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226099088.001.0001
ABOUT THIS BOOKAUTHOR BIOGRAPHYTABLE OF CONTENTS

ABOUT THIS BOOK

How do scientists persuade colleagues from diverse fields to cross the disciplinary divide, risking their careers in new interdisciplinary research programs? Why do some attempts to inspire such research win widespread acclaim and support, while others do not?

In Shaping Science with Rhetoric, Leah Ceccarelli addresses such questions through close readings of three scientific monographs in their historical contexts—Theodosius Dobzhansky's Genetics and the Origin of Species (1937), which inspired the "modern synthesis" of evolutionary biology; Erwin Schrödinger's What Is Life? (1944), which catalyzed the field of molecular biology; and Edward O. Wilson's Consilience (1998), a so far not entirely successful attempt to unite the social and biological sciences. She examines the rhetorical strategies used in each book and evaluates which worked best, based on the reviews and scientific papers that followed in their wake.

Ceccarelli's work will be important for anyone interested in how interdisciplinary fields are formed, from historians and rhetoricians of science to scientists themselves.

AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY

Leah Ceccarelli is an assistant professor in the Department of Speech Communication at the University of Washington, Seattle.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

1. Inspiring Interdisciplinarity

Texts That Seek to Catalyze Community: An Unexamined Genre of Science

The Close Textual-Intertextual Analysis: Combining Rhetorical Criticism and Historical Research

I. Theodosius Dobzhansky’s Genetics and the Origin of Species

2. The Initiator of the Evolutionary Synthesis: Historians and Scientist Weigh In

Conflict between Disciplines and Theories

The Evolutionary Synthesis

What Launched the Synthesis?

The Influence of Dobzhansky’s Genetics and the Origin of Species

Prelude to a Rhetorical Reading

Simplifying Theory

Surveying the Results of Research

Using Language That Promotes Conceptual Change

Addressing Social Concerns

Conclusions

II. Erwin Schro¨dinger’s What Is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell

4. The “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” of the Molecular Biology Revolution: Assessing the Place of a Text in History

The Influence of Schro¨ dinger’s Text

The Value of Untrue, Unoriginal Science

Other Laws of Physics

Prelude to a Rhetorical Reading

5. A Text Rhetorically Designed to Negotiate Different Interests and Beliefs

Comparison with Other Attempts at Inspiring Interdisciplinary Work

Negotiating Common Ground: The Value of Precision

Negotiating Professional Goals: The Appeal to Ambition

Negotiating Disciplinary Linguistic Practices: Conceptual Chiasmus

Negotiating Ideological Commitments: Strategic Ambiguity

Conclusions

III. Edward O. Wilson’s Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge

Wilson’s Purpose

The Effect of Wilson’s Interdisciplinary Appeals

Explanation 1: Wilson Is Wrong; The Cultural Divide Should Not Be Bridged

Explanation 2: Critics Are Unable to See the Truth Because of Political Bias

Prelude to a Rhetorical Reading

7. A Text Rhetorically Designed to Fuel Interdisciplinary Hostilities

A Rhetoric of Conquest, Not Negotiation

An Explicit Commitment to Reductionism

Equivocation Rather Than Productive Polysemy

What Wilson’s Consilience Could Have Been

IV. Speaking to Multiple Audiences

8. The Genre

Comparison of Dobzhansky and Schro¨ dinger

Wilson’s Participation in the Genre

Rhetoric of Science

Rhetorical Inquiry

History of Science

Interdisciplinarity

Bibliography

Index