Hand-based biometrics identifies users by unique features in their hands, such as fingerprints, palmprints, hand geometry, and finger and palm vein patterns. This book explores the range of technologies and methods under development and in use for hand-based biometrics, with evaluations of the advantages and performance of each. The inclusion of significant material on the relevant aspects of the physiology of the hand is a particularly useful and innovative feature.

During the 1980s the worldwide interest in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) grew rapidly with the introduction of legislation to control the growing interference problems generated by the increased use of electronic equipment in industry and in the home. The European directive harmonising EMC measurements gave particular impetus to manufacturers and importers of electrical and electronic equipment in Europe to understand EMC design techniques and verification procedures. This book explains how equipment can be verified by testing. It discusses the nature of EMC standards world wide and describes in detail testing methods and their conduct and accuracy. In addition to standard EMC testing, topics including electrostatic discharge, nuclear electromagnetic pulse and lightning are also discussed.

• Authored by a multi-national group of antenna experts of international standing.
• Presents the principles and applications of antenna design, with emphasis upon key developments in the last 15 years.
• Fundamental background theory and analytical techniques explained in detail where appropriate.
• Includes extensive design data and numerous examples of practical application.
• Deals with a very wide range of antenna types, operating from very low frequencies to millimetre waves.
• New measurement techniques described in detail.
• Covers associated topics such as radomes, array signal processing and coaxial components.
• Includes design data for antennas for satellite and terrestrial communications, radar, mobile communications and broadcasting.

• Authored by a multi-national group of antenna experts of international standing.
• Presents the principles and applications of antenna design, with emphasis upon key developments in the last 15 years.
• Fundamental background theory and analytical techniques explained in detail where appropriate.
• Includes extensive design data and numerous examples of practical application.
• Deals with a very wide range of antenna types, operating from very low frequencies to millimetre waves.
• New measurement techniques described in detail.
• Covers associated topics such as radomes, array signal processing and coaxial components.
• Includes design data for antennas for satellite and terrestrial communications, radar, mobile communications and broadcasting.

Big Data analytics is the complex process of examining big data to uncover information such as correlations, hidden patterns, trends and user and customer preferences, to allow organizations and businesses to make more informed decisions. These methods and technologies have become ubiquitous in all fields of science, engineering, business and management due to the rise of data-driven models as well as data engineering developments using parallel and distributed computational analytics frameworks, data and algorithm parallelization, and GPGPU programming. However, there remain potential issues that need to be addressed to enable big data processing and analytics in real time.

Big Data analytics is the complex process of examining big data to uncover information such as correlations, hidden patterns, trends and user and customer preferences, to allow organizations and businesses to make more informed decisions. These methods and technologies have become ubiquitous in all fields of science, engineering, business and management due to the rise of data-driven models as well as data engineering developments using parallel and distributed computational analytics frameworks, data and algorithm parallelization, and GPGPU programming. However, there remain potential issues that need to be addressed to enable big data processing and analytics in real time.

In this title, a team of top experts address cyber security for e-Health technologies and systems. It examines the need for better security and privacy infrastructure, outlining methods and policies for working with sensitive data. The authors focus on the latest methods and visionary work within health and social care for cyber security, making it vital reading for professionals and researchers in healthcare technologies and security, professionals in public health and law, healthcare policy developers and government decision makers.

This book updates and expands the editor's acclaimed Electrical Resistivity Handbook, bringing together advances in the field over the last two decades. In this period, much has been achieved in the fields of new materials and superconductivity.

The theory of computation is used to address challenges arising in many computer science areas such as artificial intelligence, language processors, compiler writing, information and coding systems, programming language design, computer architecture and more. To grasp topics concerning this theory readers need to familiarize themselves with its computational and language models, based on concepts of discrete mathematics including sets, relations, functions, graphs and logic.

This book presents a wide ranging coverage of principles, state-of-the-art design and up-to-date applications of microstrip antennas; Includes detailed explanations of a variety of analytical techniques from transmission line theory to moments methods and their applications to CAD; Covers the numerous patch designs and array configurations giving many examples of practical applications; Discusses microstrip technology in detail including substrates, processing and environmental aspects; Addresses measurement methods particular to printed antennas such as substrate and connector characterisation and near field probing; Application areas covered include antennas for satellite terrestrial and mobile communications, conformal and aerospace antennas, phased arrays, hyperthermia applicators and millimetric antennas.

This book presents a wide ranging coverage of principles, state-of-the-art design and up-to-date applications of microstrip antennas; Includes detailed explanations of a variety of analytical techniques from transmission line theory to moments methods and their applications to CAD; Covers the numerous patch designs and array configurations giving many examples of practical applications; Discusses microstrip technology in detail including substrates, processing and environmental aspects; Addresses measurement methods particular to printed antennas such as substrate and connector characterisation and near field probing; Application areas covered include antennas for satellite terrestrial and mobile communications, conformal and aerospace antennas, phased arrays, hyperthermia applicators and millimetric antennas.

Ultrasound imaging technology has experienced a dramatic change in the last 30 years. Because of its non-invasive nature and continuing improvements in image quality, ultrasound imaging is progressively achieving an important role in the assessment and characterization of cardiovascular imaging. Speckle is inherent in ultrasound imaging giving rise to a granular appearance instead of homogeneous, flat shades of gray, as is visible and as such, speckle can severely compromise interpretation of ultrasound images, particularly in discrimination of small structures. On the other hand, speckle can be used in the detection of time varying phenomena, or tracking tissue motion. The objective of this book is to provide a reference edited volume covering the whole spectrum of speckle phenomena, theoretical background and modelling, algorithms and selected applications in cardiovascular ultrasound imaging and video processing and analysis. The book is organized under the following four parts, Part I: Introduction to Speckle Noise; Part II: Speckle Filtering; Part III: Speckle Tracking; Part IV: Selected Applications in Cardiovascular Imaging.

Handbook of Vehicle Suspension Control Systems surveys the state-of-the-art in advanced suspension control theory and applications. Topics covered include an overview of intelligent vehicle suspension control systems; intelligence-based vehicle active suspension adaptive control systems; robust active control of an integrated suspension system; an interval type-II fuzzy controller for vehicle active suspension systems; active control for actuator uncertain half-car suspension systems; active suspension control with finite frequency approach; fault-tolerant control for uncertain vehicle suspension systems via fuzzy control approach; h-infinity fuzzy control of suspension systems with actuator saturation; design of sliding mode controllers for semi-active suspension systems with magnetorheological dampers; joint design of controller and parameters for active vehicle suspension; an LMI approach to vibration control of vehicle engine-body systems with time delay; and frequency domain analysis and design of nonlinear vehicle suspension systems.

The general purpose of ventilation in buildings is to provide healthy air for breathing by both diluting the pollutants originating in the building and removing the pollutants from it. Building ventilation plays a strong role for the good health, comfort, security and productivity of inhabitants, workers and visitors. Many new challenges with energy and pollution implications have arisen, including the identification and control of contaminant sources, fast building design requirements, online demand, sustainability and climate change adaptation.

This book presents and discusses innovative ideas in the design, modelling, implementation, and optimization of hardware platforms for neural networks.

IoT-enabled healthcare technologies can be used for remote health monitoring, rehabilitation assessment and assisted ambient living. Healthcare analytics can be applied to the data gathered from these different areas to improve healthcare outcomes by providing clinicians with real-world, real-time data so they can more easily support and advise their patients.

As integrated circuits get smaller and more complex, power densities are increasing, leading to more heat generation. Dealing with this heat is fast becoming the most important design bottleneck of current and future integrated circuits, where power envelopes are defined by the ability of the system to dissipate the generated heat. Thermal effects are forcing chip designers to apply conservative design margins, creating sub-optimal results. At a larger scale, cooling is the second most costly item in the electricity bills of well-designed high-performance computing and data centers, costing 30-50% of the total. Thermal monitoring and management in integrated circuits is therefore becoming increasingly important.

A book for engineers who design and build filters of all types, including lumped element, coaxial, helical, dielectric resonator, stripline and microstrip types. A thorough review of classic and modern filter design techniques, containing extensive practical design information of passband characteristics, topologies and transformations, component effects and matching. An excellent text for the design and construction of microstrip filters.

A comprehensive reference for the design of high frequency communications systems and equipment. This revised edition is loaded with practical data, much of which cannot be found in other reference books. Its approach to the subject follows the needs of an engineer from system definition and performance requirements down to the individual circuit elements that make up radio transmitters and receivers.

This book describes high frequency power MOSFET gate driver technologies, including gate drivers for GaN HEMTs, which have great potential in the next generation of switching power converters. Gate drivers serve as a critical role between control and power devices.

A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically-modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid Crystal Displays are already widely used in consumer electronics, but research and development is still ongoing. The shifting focus of research follows a pattern of improved definition, increased display size, wider viewing angles and faster responses, with improvements in each area influencing the next. There is also growing interest in the use of liquid crystal materials in novel applications including sensing devices, spatial modulators and light-shielding windows.

A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically-modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid Crystal Displays are already widely used in consumer electronics, but research and development is still ongoing. The shifting focus of research follows a pattern of improved definition, increased display size, wider viewing angles and faster responses, with improvements in each area influencing the next. There is also growing interest in the use of liquid crystal materials in novel applications including sensing devices, spatial modulators and light-shielding windows.

High speed data converters represent one of the most challenging, important and exciting analog and mixed-signal systems. They are ubiquitous in our modern and highly connected world. Understanding and designing this class of converters require proficiency in analog circuit design, digital design, and signal processing. This book covers high speed data converters from the perspective of a leading high speed ADC designer and architect, and with a strong emphasis on high speed Nyquist A/D converters.

Since the first edition of this book in 1983, HVDC technology has continued to expand and few power systems can now escape its influence. This thoroughly revised text develops the coverage in the first edition, describing the variety of reasons justifying the use of DC transmission as well as the basic concepts and techniques involved in the AC-DC and DC-AC conversion processes. It has been fully updated and enlarged to include descriptions of the widening applications of DC, the current state-of-the-art thyristors and other semiconductor devices, and the new developments that continue to make HVDC a competitive technology.

Based on a successful IEE International Vacation School series, this book aims to give an appreciation of present day high voltage transmission and distribution systems.

High Voltage Power Network Construction examines the key requirements, considerations, complexities and constraints relevant to the task of high voltage power network construction - from design, finance, contracts and project management to installation and commissioning - with the aim of providing an overview of the holistic end to end construction task in a single volume. It specifically targets the 400, 275,132 and 33 kV networks, presenting best and common practice.

Power transformers are static devices transferring electrical energy between two circuits with separate systems of alternating voltages, by means of electromagnetic induction. They are used to connect power networks and components with different voltage levels. Transformers are essential components for the transmission, distribution, and utilization of electric power in large power grids, which are facing increasingly demanding requirements for power quality, integration of renewable sources and demand side management. Transformers benefit from the recent technological developments in components, design and construction.

Improvements in the accuracy, computational cost, and reliability of computational techniques for high-frequency electromagnetics (including antennas, microwave devices and radar scattering applications) can be achieved through the use of 'high-order' techniques. This book outlines these techniques by presenting high-order basis functions, explaining their use, and illustrating their performance. The specific basis functions under consideration were developed by the authors, and include scalar and vector functions for use with equations such as the vector Helmholtz equation and the electric field integral equation.

This book is aimed at both practising and postgraduate engineers who are interested in the particular problems of high-frequency circuit design. It covers network parameters and how to work with them, various approaches to the use of conductors, and it introduces a large number of circuits using active devices (transistors).

High-Level Synthesis based Methodologies for Hardware Security, Trust and IP Protection presents state-of-the art high-level synthesis methodologies for hardware security and trust, including IP protection through synthesis-based watermarking and structural obfuscation.

This 3rd edition of High Voltage Engineering Testing describes strategic developments in the field and reflects on how they can best be managed. All the key components of high voltage and distribution systems are covered including electric power networks, UHV and HV. Distribution systems including HVDC and power electronic systems are also considered. In the book, particular consideration is given to recent developments in UHV, AC and DC transmission systems abroad. Recent developments in renewable energy techniques and environmental issues are also discussed and assessed. This new edition gives details of design and testing techniques and considers recent developments in testing and measuring technology and reviews them together with appropriate strategic technological assessments of some applications.

Feedback is a crucial concept of modern engineering, whose use has spilled over into many other disciplines.

In the twenty-five years between 1930 and 1955 crucial changes in our understanding of feedback control systems occurred. The history of these developments is traced in this book.

The history of radio broadcasting is traced from its earliest origins, through its role as a subversive tool in World War II to the cold war era, and finally to its present day use as an instrument of foreign policy used by over 160 countries.

The first volume of History of International Broadcasting (1992) traced the history of radio broadcasting, chiefly on the short waves, from its earliest origins to its role as an instrument of foreign policy in World War II and into the cold war. This volume documents the role of the West's international broadcasters - such as Voice of America, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty and the BBC World Service - in using propaganda and other information to assist in bringing about the collapse of Soviet communism and the end of the cold war. It also analyses the new uses to which broadcasting infrastructures are being put, as well as new developments reflecting changes in world politics and culture. Much attention is therefore devoted to broadcasting to and within Asia and the Arabic-Islamic Middle East region, where some of the greatest new investments are being made.

A dominating theme of the 21st Century will be the transmission and processing of information as the global network of communication channels continues to develop. The emergence of today's digital communications technology owes much to the growth of telegraphy in the 19th and 20th Centuries. The realisation of cheap long-distance communication using telegraphy stimulated the initial design and development of coded transmissions that proved vital in both World Wars for use on land, sea, and in the air. Methods of data compaction, coding and encryption in modern communication systems all have their origins in the techniques used by the telegraph pioneers. In fact the two main phases of telegraph development - cable-based techniques that began in the early 19th Century and wireless transmission in the 20th Century - parallel the changes in voice and information communications seen recently.

The book describes the development of semiconductor manufacture on a worldwide basis, from its early beginnings to date. Its approach is wide-ranging, encompassing early experimental work rooted in nineteenth century science, and it includes a brief historical review of the thermionic valve, which played an important part in the genesis of the semiconductor industry. The contents include a description of the establishment and subsequent development of semiconductor manufacture within the various nation states. Although not a technical treatise, major device types and manufacturing processes used in semiconductor fabrication are outlined. Factors affecting the performance of the industry within the major national participants are discussed, and the relationship of the industry to science and technology is also considered.

The development of radar has been one of the most successful direct applications of physics ever attempted, and then implemented and applied at large scale. Certain watchwords of radar engineering have underpinned many of the developments of the past 80 years and remain potential avenues for improvement. For example, 'Narrow beams are good', 'Fast detection is good', 'Agility is good', and 'Clutter is bad'. All these statements of merit are true. The underlying principles for all these statements are the laws of physics, and they provide support for current radar designs. However, each of these statements is really a design choice, rather than their necessary consequence.

People mean business and most professionals know how important it is to get on well with others.

This is a practical handbook. Its aim is to help engineers and others with a technical background to communicate effectively with non-technical people. Effective communication is essential for both individual and corporate success in business.

This book introduces the reader to the subject of Human Factors and provides practical and pragmatic advice to assist engineers in designing interactive systems that are safer, more secure and easier to use - thereby reducing accidents due to human error, increasing system integrity and enabling more efficient process operations. The book discusses human factors integration methodology and reviews the issues that underpin consideration of key topics such as human error, automation and human reliability assessment. The book also examines design considerations, including control room and interface design, and acceptance and verification considerations.

Advanced technologies such as robotics, 5G mobile communications, IoT, cloud computing and wireless sensor networks have had a huge impact and influence on manufacturing, with an increased collaboration between humans and smart systems. As the manufacturing process becomes more automated using real-time data, communication systems, Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques and robotics feed data back into the manufacturing process. This enables the design of products that are more customized and personal, and leads to a more competitive, efficient and value-added production process by reacting more quickly to technical or human errors to avoid product and system damage while increasing workplace safety, and reducing waste, pollution, and associated costs.

Interest in Information and Communication Technologies for human monitoring, smart health and assisted living is growing due to the significant impact that these technologies are expected to have on improving the quality of life of ageing populations around the world. This book brings together chapters written by a range of researchers working in these topics, providing an overview of the areas and covering current research, developments and applications for a readership of researchers and research-led engineering practitioners. It discusses the promises and the possible advantages of these technologies, and also indicates the challenges for the future.

Human-robot collaboration (HRC) is a widely studied research topic that investigates how humans and robots can work together and achieve a common goal. Over the past few years, HRC has created exciting new applications for robots that can revolutionize manufacturing and introduce them to entirely different domains such as healthcare and agriculture. It is an interdisciplinary research area comprising robotics, artificial intelligence, design and cognitive sciences.

Hydrogen is a key vector towards a future sector-coupled and more integrated energy system. Hydrogen can be used as long term, even seasonal, storage for electricity itself, as well as a fuel in the transport and residential sectors, and as a feedstock for the chemical industries.

Hydrogen is a key vector of decarbonized energy systems. It can be used as long term and seasonal storage for electricity itself, as well as in the automotive sector, for space heating and for the chemical industry.

Photovoltaic electricity generation is a rapidly growing industry, and a key pillar of a decarbonised energy system. In modern solar cells, laser technology is used to form localised structures such as a selective emitter through doping or to locally ablate dielectric layers for contact definition. A critical factor is the ability to passivate the laser-induced defects to prevent premature charge carrier recombination reducing the cell efficiency. Hydrogenation is such a passivation technique. The exact mechanisms have until recently been poorly understood, so this timely reference covers the recent breakthroughs in the understanding of hydrogen passivation.

Hydrogen is one of the most promising next-generation fuels. It has the highest energy content per unit weight of any known fuel and in comparison to the other known natural gases it is environmentally safe - in fact, its combustion results only in water vapour and energy. This book provides an overview of worldwide research in the use of hydrogen in energy development, its most innovative methods of production and the various steps necessary for the optimization of this product.