front cover of Advanced Characterization of Thin Film Solar Cells
Advanced Characterization of Thin Film Solar Cells
Mowafak Al-Jassim
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2020
Polycrystalline thin-film solar cells have reached a levelized cost of energy that is competitive with all other sources of electricity. The technology has significantly improved in recent years, with laboratory cell efficiencies for cadmium telluride (CdTe), perovskites, and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) each exceeding 22 percent. Both CdTe and CIGS solar panels are now produced at the gigawatt scale. However, there are ongoing challenges, including the continued need to improve performance and stability while reducing cost. Advancing polycrystalline solar cell technology demands an in-depth understanding of efficiency, scaling, and degradation mechanisms, which requires sophisticated characterization methods. These methods will enable researchers and manufacturers to improve future solar modules and systems.
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After Oil
Imre Szeman
West Virginia University Press, 2016
After Oil explores the social, cultural and political changes needed to make possible a full-scale transition from fossil fuels to new forms of energy. Written collectively by participants in the first After Oil School, After Oil explains why the adoption of renewable, ecologically sustainable energy sources is only the first step of energy transition.
 
Energy plays a critical role in determining the shape, form and character of our daily existence, which is why a genuine shift in our energy usage demands a wholesale transformation of the petrocultures in which we live. After Oil provides readers with the resources to make this happen.
 
 
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Agrivoltaics
Technical, ecological, commercial and legal aspects
Constantin Klyk
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2024
Agrivoltaics, also called agri-photovoltaics, deploys PV modules on top of agricultural fields. The modules not only generate clean energy, but also shield crops from intense sun, drought or wind erosion. The market potential in EU-27 alone is estimated to be 1.024 GWp if only 3% of the arable land is used for agri-PV. Interest is swiftly growing amongst scientists, policy makers, and within the farming and energy industries. The challenges lie in the construction of the PV system, choice and ecology of crops, and sowing and harvesting techniques.
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AI for Status Monitoring of Utility Scale Batteries
Shunli Wang
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2022
Batteries are a necessary part of a low-emission energy system, as they can store renewable electricity and assist the grid. Utility-scale batteries, with capacities of several to hundreds of MWh, are particularly important for condominiums, local grid nodes, and EV charging arrays. However, such batteries are expensive and need to be monitored and managed well to maintain capacity and reliability. Artificial intelligence offers a solution for effective monitoring and management of utility-scale batteries.
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Artificial Intelligence for Smarter Power Systems
Fuzzy logic and neural networks
Marcelo Godoy Simões
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021
The urgent need to reduce carbon emissions is leading to growing use of renewable electricity, particularly from wind and photovoltaics. However, the intermittent nature of these power sources presents challenges to power systems, which need to ensure high and consistent power quality. Going forward, power systems also need to be able to respond to changes in loads, for example from EV charging. Neither production nor load changes can be predicted precisely, and so there is a degree of uncertainty or fuzziness. One way to meet these challenges is to use a kind of artificial intelligence - fuzzy logic.
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Battery Management Systems and Inductive Balancing
Alex Van den Bossche
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2022
The application areas of batteries are currently booming. The recent generation of devices combines a high energy density with a reasonable cost and life expectancy, making them suitable not only for cars but also electric bikes, scooters, forklifts, gardening and household tools, storage batteries as well as airborne applications such as drones, helicopters, and small airplanes.
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Battery State Estimation
Methods and models
Shunli Wang
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2022
Batteries are of vital importance for storing intermittent renewable energy for stationary and mobile applications. In order to charge the battery and maintain its capacity, the states of the battery - such as the current charge, safety and health, but also quantities that cannot be measured directly - need to be known to the battery management system. State estimation estimates the electrical state of a system by eliminating inaccuracies and errors from measurement data. Numerous methods and techniques are used for lithium-ion and other batteries. The various battery models seek to simplify the circuitry used in the battery management system.
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Blockchain Technology for Smart Grids
Implementation, management and security
H.L. Gururaj
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2022
Smart grids with distributed clean energy generation, storage and prosumers are the future of energy systems. They need two-way digital communication between multiple customers and suppliers of energy, to produce, buy and sell electricity to the grid at small scales. These arrangements need a system that maintains, checks, and registers information about transactions.
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Clean Energy Microgrids
Shin'ya Obara
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2017
Microgrids are electric power grids composed of loads and distributed energy resources which provide electricity to villages, university campuses and other entities usually smaller than cities which are capable of operating independently from the larger grid if necessary. Such systems are gaining importance in times of rising shares of renewable power and desire for energy resilience.
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Clean Energy
Past to future
Peter Tavner
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2024
Clean energy provision and usage has a long history from an engineering perspective. This perspective can help understanding past and current developments at a time of increasing concern about climate change. Over many hundreds of years human beings have been extracting energy from their environment in various ways, many of which could also be acceptable in the future for achieving a lower energy carbon footprint.
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Cogeneration
A user's guide
David Flin
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2009
If there are two phrases we have come to know very well, they are 'environmental awareness' and 'credit crunch'. The world is looking for ways to decrease the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere, without incurring major costs in doing so. By increasing efficiencies up to about 90 per cent using well-established and mature technologies, cogeneration represents the best option for short-term reductions in CO2 emission levels.
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Cogeneration and District Energy Systems
Modelling, analysis and optimization
Marc A. Rosen
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2016
District energy (DE) systems use central heating and/or cooling facilities to provide heating and/or cooling services for communities and can be particularly beneficial when integrated with cogeneration plants for electricity and heat. This book provides information on district energy and cogeneration technologies, and the systems that combine them, with a focus on their modelling, analysis and optimization.
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Cogeneration
Technologies, optimization and implementation
Christos A. Frangopoulos
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2017
Cogeneration, also called combined heat and power (CHP), refers to the use of a power station to deliver two or more useful forms of energy, for example, to generate electricity and heat at the same time. All conventional, fuel-based plants generate heat as by-product, which is often carried away and wasted. Cogeneration captures part of this heat for delivery to consumers and is thus a thermodynamically efficient use of fuel, and contributes to reduction of carbon emissions. This book provides an integrated treatment of cogeneration, including a tour of the available technologies and their features, and how these systems can be analysed and optimised.
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Compressed Air Energy Storage
Types, systems and applications
David S-K. Ting
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021
The intermittency of renewable energy sources is making increased deployment of storage technology necessary. Technologies are needed with high round-trip efficiency and at low cost to allow renewables to undercut fossil fuels. The cost of lithium batteries has fallen, but producing them comes with a substantial carbon footprint, as well as a cost to the local environment.
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Conduction and Induction Heating
E.J. Davies
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 1990
This book aims at a theoretical and practical treatment of both conduction and induction heating. They share a common theory, one being the 'mirror image' of the other, and so one gets two for the price of one.
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Cyber Security for Microgrids
Subham Sahoo
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2022
Microgrids use ICT to intelligently deliver energy and integrate clean generation. They can operate independently from a larger grid and can help to strengthen grid resilience. Applications include remote as well as urban areas, hospitals, and manufacturing complexes. Cybersecurity challenges arise, exposing the microgrids to cyber-attacks, possibly resulting in harm to infrastructure and to people. Research has classified attacks based on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, and most countermeasures focus on specific attacks or on protecting specific components. A global approach is needed combining solutions that can secure the entire system and respond in milliseconds.
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Design, Control and Monitoring of Tidal Stream Turbine Systems
Mohamed Benbouzid
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2023
The worldwide potential of electric power from tidal currents is potentially between 100 and 120 GW. The technology uses the ebb and flow currents off coasts to drive submerged turbines. The high load factor and the predictable resource characteristics make tidal energy an attractive, reliable power source. The technology is advancing rapidly towards maturity; several projects have now reached a relatively mature stage and are close to completion, but challenges remain. Topics for ongoing research include hydrodynamics and turbine design, as well as the power conversion interface (including the electric generator), control, and monitoring and maintenance challenges.
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Designing Climate Solutions
A Policy Guide for Low-Carbon Energy
Hal Harvey with Robbie Orvis and Jeffrey Rissman
Island Press, 2018
With the effects of climate change already upon us, the need to cut global greenhouse gas emissions is nothing less than urgent. It’s a daunting challenge, but the technologies and strategies to meet it exist today. A small set of energy policies, designed and implemented well, can put us on the path to a low carbon future. Energy systems are large and complex, so energy policy must be focused and cost-effective. One-size-fits-all approaches simply won’t get the job done. Policymakers need a clear, comprehensive resource that outlines the energy policies that will have the biggest impact on our climate future, and describes how to design these policies well.

Designing Climate Solutions: A Policy Guide for Low-Carbon Energy is the first such guide, bringing together the latest research and analysis around low carbon energy solutions. Written by Hal Harvey, CEO of the policy firm Energy Innovation, with Robbie Orvis and Jeffrey Rissman of Energy Innovation, Designing Climate Solutions is an accessible resource on lowering carbon emissions for policymakers, activists, philanthropists, and others in the climate and energy community. In Part I, the authors deliver a roadmap for understanding which countries, sectors, and sources produce the greatest amount of greenhouse gas emissions, and give readers the tools to select and design efficient policies for each of these sectors. In Part II, they break down each type of policy, from renewable portfolio standards to carbon pricing, offering key design principles and case studies where each policy has been implemented successfully.

We don’t need to wait for new technologies or strategies to create a low carbon future—and we can’t afford to. Designing Climate Solutions gives professionals the tools they need to select, design, and implement the policies that can put us on the path to a livable climate future.
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Digital Technologies for Solar Photovoltaic Systems
From general to rural and remote installations
Saad Motahhir
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2022
The rising share of photovoltaic (PV) energy requires sophisticated digital techniques for control, monitoring and integration with the grid. In remote areas, where no trained personnel might be nearby to intervene, such technologies are vital to ensure reliability and power quality, and to harness the solar potential of these locations. Moreover, tracking is necessary for moveable systems. Digital technologies can be used to enable and augment the use of PV energy in the grid, as well as for desalination, water pumping and hydrolysis.
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Distributed Energy Storage in Urban Smart Grids
Paulo F. Ribeiro
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2023
Renewable energy is key to stopping climate change, however, the intermittent nature of most forms of renewable energy generation poses a challenge. Energy storage is therefore a focus of research and development, particularly for urban areas with their limited space and high population density, which results in massive demand for both small distributed and utility-scale generation. Such locations require thorough integration of storage, with the urban energy system treated as a whole, and sufficient planning, sizing and siting, and upgrades to the existing power grid hardware.
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Distributed Generation
Nick Jenkins
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2010
Throughout the world there is concern over the impact of energy use on the environment (particularly CO2 emissions) and also over the security of fossil fuel supplies. Consequently, governments and energy planners are actively encouraging alternative and cleaner forms of energy production such as renewables (e.g. wind, solar, biomass) and combined heat and power (CHP).
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Electric Mountains
Climate, Power, and Justice in an Energy Transition
Shaun A. Golding
Rutgers University Press, 2021
Climate change has shifted from future menace to current event. As eco-conscious electricity consumers, we want to do our part in weening from fossil fuels, but what are we actually a part of?

Committed environmentalists in one of North America’s most progressive regions desperately wanted energy policies that address the climate crisis. For many of them, wind turbines on Northern New England’s iconic ridgelines symbolize the energy transition that they have long hoped to see. For others, however, ridgeline wind takes on a very different meaning. When weighing its costs and benefits locally and globally, some wind opponents now see the graceful structures as symbols of corrupted energy politics.

This book derives from several years of research to make sense of how wind turbines have so starkly split a community of environmentalists, as well as several communities. In doing so, it casts a critical light on the roadmap for energy transition that Northern New England’s ridgeline wind projects demarcate. It outlines how ridgeline wind conforms to antiquated social structures propping up corporate energy interests, to the detriment of the swift de-carbonizing and equitable transformation that climate predictions warrant. It suggests, therefore, that the energy transition of which most of us are a part, is probably not the transition we would have designed ourselves, if we had been asked.
 
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front cover of Electrical Design for Ocean Wave and Tidal Energy Systems
Electrical Design for Ocean Wave and Tidal Energy Systems
Raymond Alcorn
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2013
Renewable energy is expected to play a major part in future energy supplies, both to reduce the impact on the world climate and also to make up for any shortfall in conventional energy sources. Ocean energy has the potential to make a significant contribution to future renewable energy supplies as identified in recent reports from the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change and the International Energy Agency. Ocean energy is an emerging industry sector and there are a number of promising developments under way. Significant commercial deployments in the gigawatt range are envisaged over the next 10 to 20 years in Europe, USA, Asia and South America.
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Embedded Generation
Nick Jenkins
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2000
The use of combined heat and power (CHP) plants and renewable energy sources reduces the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere and helps to alleviate the consequent climate change. The policies of many governments suggest that the proportion of electrical energy produced by these sources will increase dramatically over the next two decades. Unlike traditional generating units, these new types of power plant are usually 'embedded' in the distribution system or 'dispersed' around the network. As a result, conventional design and operating practices are no longer applicable; for example, power protection principles have to be revised and complex economic questions need to be resolved.
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front cover of Energy Generation and Efficiency Technologies for Green Residential Buildings
Energy Generation and Efficiency Technologies for Green Residential Buildings
David S-K. Ting
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2019
Residential buildings consume about a quarter of all energy (including electrical and thermal) in industrialized countries and emit around 20% of the carbon emissions there. Older and outdated heating and cooling technology causes high energy demand and, depending on building type, secondary causes can include ventilation and lighting. Technology is available to mitigate high energy consumption, and to enable the use of renewable or environmentally friendly energy, partly generated locally.
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Energy Harvesting for Wireless Sensing and Flexible Electronics through Hybrid Technologies
Muhammad Iqbal
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2023
As wearable microelectronics are becoming ubiquitous, there is a growing interest in replacing batteries with a means of harnessing power from the user's environment via embedded systems. Efforts have been made to prolong the harvester's operational lifetime, overcoming energy dissipation, lowering resonant frequency, attaining multi-resonant states, and widening the operating frequency bandwidth of the biomechanical energy harvesters. Such technological advances mean harvesting energy is a viable solution for sustainably powering wearable electronics for health and wellbeing applications, such as continuous medical health monitoring, remote sensing, and motion tracking.
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Energy
Resources, technologies and the environment
Christian Ngô
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2010
This book is aimed at students and professionals as well as anyone interested in having a global vision and perspective on energy.
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Energy Storage for Power Systems
A.G. Ter-Gazarian
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2011
The supply of energy from primary sources is not constant and rarely matches the pattern of demand from consumers. Electricity is also difficult to store in significant quantities. Therefore, secondary storage of energy is essential to increase generation capacity efficiency and to allow more substantial use of renewable energy sources that only provide energy intermittently. Lack of effective storage has often been cited as a major hurdle to substantial introduction of renewable energy sources into the electricity supply network. The author presents here a comprehensive guide to the different types of storage available. He not only shows how the use of the various types of storage can benefit the management of a power supply system, but also considers more substantial possibilities that arise from integrating a combination of different storage devices into a system. This book will be important to those seeking to develop environmentally sound energy resources.
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Energy Storage for Power Systems
Andrei G. Ter-Gazarian
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 1994
Energy flow from many primary sources is not constant but depends on the season, time of day and weather conditions. Energy demand also varies with the same circumstances, but generally in reverse. Obviously there needs to be some way for energy suppliers to separate the processes of energy generation and consumption, by storing energy until it is needed.
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Governing the Wind Energy Commons
Renewable Energy and Community Development
Keith A. Taylor
West Virginia University Press, 2019

Wind energy is often framed as a factor in rural economic development, an element of the emerging “green economy” destined to upset the dominant greenhouse- gas-emitting energy industry and deliver conscious capitalism to host communities. The bulk of wind energy firms, however, are subsidiaries of the same fossil fuel companies that wrought havoc in shale-gas and coal-mining towns from rural Appalachia to the Great Plains. On its own, wind energy development does not automatically translate into community development.

In Governing the Wind Energy Commons, Keith Taylor asks whether revenue generated by wind power can be put to community well-being rather than corporate profit. He looks to the promising example of rural electric cooperatives, owned and governed by the 42 million Americans they serve, which generate $40 billion in annual revenue. Through case studies of a North Dakota wind energy cooperative and an investor-owned wind farm in Illinois, Taylor examines how regulatory and social forces are shaping this emerging energy sector. He draws on interviews with local residents to assess strategies for tipping the balance of power away from absentee-owned utilities.

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The Great Texas Wind Rush
How George Bush, Ann Richards, and a Bunch of Tinkerers Helped the Oil and Gas State Win the Race to Wind Power
By Kate Galbraith and Asher Price
University of Texas Press, 2013

In the late 1990s, West Texas was full of rundown towns and pumpjacks, aging reminders of the oil rush of an earlier era. Today, the towns are thriving as 300-foot-tall wind turbines tower above those pumpjacks. Wind energy has become Texas’s latest boom, with the Lone Star State now leading the nation. How did this dramatic transformation happen in a place that fights federal environmental policies at every turn? In The Great Texas Wind Rush, environmental reporters Kate Galbraith and Asher Price tell the compelling story of a group of unlikely dreamers and innovators, politicos and profiteers.

The tale spans a generation and more, and it begins with the early wind pioneers, precocious idealists who saw opportunity after the 1970s oil crisis. Operating in an economy accustomed to exploiting natural resources and always looking for the next big thing, their ideas eventually led to surprising partnerships between entrepreneurs and environmentalists, as everyone from Enron executives to T. Boone Pickens, as well as Ann Richards, George W. Bush and Rick Perry, ended up backing the new technology. In this down-to-earth account, the authors explain the policies and science that propelled the “windcatters” to reap the great harvest of Texas wind. They also explore what the future holds for this relentless resource that is changing the face of Texas energy.

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Green HV Switching Technologies for Modern Power Networks
Kaveh Niayesh
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2023
In modern power networks with high shares of renewable energy sources, and a mixture of alternating (AC) and direct current (DC) technology in different sections of the network, power switching devices are exposed to more and different stresses compared with those in conventional AC networks.
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Hydrogen from Seawater Splitting
Technology and outlook
Abhijit Ray
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2024
Hydrogen is a key vector of decarbonized energy systems. It can be used as long term and seasonal storage for electricity itself, as well as in the automotive sector, for space heating and for the chemical industry.
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front cover of Hydrogen Passivation and Laser Doping for Silicon Solar Cells
Hydrogen Passivation and Laser Doping for Silicon Solar Cells
Brett Hallam
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021
Photovoltaic electricity generation is a rapidly growing industry, and a key pillar of a decarbonised energy system. In modern solar cells, laser technology is used to form localised structures such as a selective emitter through doping or to locally ablate dielectric layers for contact definition. A critical factor is the ability to passivate the laser-induced defects to prevent premature charge carrier recombination reducing the cell efficiency. Hydrogenation is such a passivation technique. The exact mechanisms have until recently been poorly understood, so this timely reference covers the recent breakthroughs in the understanding of hydrogen passivation.
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Hydrogen Production, Separation and Purification for Energy
Angelo Basile
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2017
Hydrogen is one of the most promising next-generation fuels. It has the highest energy content per unit weight of any known fuel and in comparison to the other known natural gases it is environmentally safe - in fact, its combustion results only in water vapour and energy. This book provides an overview of worldwide research in the use of hydrogen in energy development, its most innovative methods of production and the various steps necessary for the optimization of this product.
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Industrial Demand Response
Methods, best practices, case studies, and applications
Hassan Haes Alhelou
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2022
Demand response (DR) describes controlled changes in the power consumption of an electric load to better match the power demand with the supply. This helps with increasing the share of intermittent renewables like solar and wind, thus ensuring use of the generated clean power and reducing the need for storage capacity.
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front cover of Interactions of Wind Turbines with Aviation Radio and Radar Systems
Interactions of Wind Turbines with Aviation Radio and Radar Systems
Alan Collinson
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2024
Wind farms and wind turbines are strong reflectors of radio waves, which can affect radar and radio systems used by civil and military aviation. The speeds of turbine blades and aircraft are comparable, and it can be difficult to discriminate between them using existing radar systems. Wind turbines may also affect communications, navigation and instrument landing systems. This situation is a brake to wind farm development slowing or stopping exploitation of many giga watts of wind capacity in many countries. Therefore, developing approaches and technologies for the mitigation of the impacts of wind farms on aviation systems is of great importance. These technologies have the potential to increase renewable energy generation and promote energy independence but, and this is critically important, they must do so without compromising safety or national defense.
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front cover of Large Scale Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources
Large Scale Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources
Antonio Moreno-Munoz
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2017
As renewable energy sources have reached grid parity in many countries, the key to further growth of the share of renewables in the power mix is their integration with the power system. This requires a number of technical developments, for example in power electronics, to meet the need for increased flexibility and rapid dispatch. This book explores the new approaches to meet these challenges, such as increasing interconnection capacity among geographical areas, hybridization of different distributed energy resources and building up demand response capabilities.
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front cover of Lithium-ion Batteries Enabled by Silicon Anodes
Lithium-ion Batteries Enabled by Silicon Anodes
Chunmei Ban
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021
Deploying lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries depends on cost-effective electrode materials with high energy and power density to facilitate lower weight and volume. Si-based anode materials theoretically offer superior lithium storage capacity. Replacing a graphite anode with high-capacity materials such as silicon will further improve the energy density. Durable, low-cost, and high-energy-density materials are vital to developing plug-in electric vehicles as affordable and convenient as gasoline-powered ones, while reducing carbon emissions.
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Local Energy
Distributed generation of heat and power
Janet Wood
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2008
In future the UK's energy supplies, for both heat and power, will come from much more diverse sources. In many cases this will mean local energy projects serving a local community or even a single house. What technologies are available? Where and at what scale can they be used? How can they work effectively with our existing energy networks? This book explores these power and heat sources, explains the characteristics of each and examines how they can be used.
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Methane and Hydrogen for Energy Storage
Rupp Carriveau
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2016
Commercial energy storage has moved from the margins to the mainstream as it fosters flexibility in our smarter, increasingly integrated energy systems. Natural gas has been identified by many as the fuel to take us to the no-carbon horizon; where a hydrogen economy waits on development. These two actors are already connected in precursor applications as transitional solutions for hydrogen handling and transportation are sought ahead of a fully established hydrogen infrastructure.
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Microgrids and Active Distribution Networks
S. Chowdhury
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2009
A companion to Embedded Generation (IET, 2000), this book is a timely publication for an evolving industry. Renewable energy, ancillary services and deregulation of the power industry are changing electricity delivery networks. Microgrids, smartgrids and active distribution networks require a sound understanding of the basic concepts, generation technologies, impacts, operation, control and management, economic viability and market participation involved in grid integration. Practicing engineers in utilities and industry, researchers and students will appreciate this lucid description of the technologies that will enable future electricity systems.
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front cover of Modeling and Dynamic Behaviour of Hydropower Plants
Modeling and Dynamic Behaviour of Hydropower Plants
Nand Kishor
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2017
Hydropower is a mature and cost-competitive renewable energy source, contributing the bulk of global renewable electricity. Over the past decades, computer technology has led to significant possible improvements in monitoring, diagnostics, protection and control through retrofitting of large plants, and there is potential for additional large plants as well as for smaller installations.
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Modelling and Simulation of Small Scale Hydro Generation Systems
René Wamkeue
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2020
This book provides engineers, researchers and advanced students with the mathematical modelling, control and simulation tools needed for the successful design, long-term management and maintenance of a small scale hydro-power plant (HPP). It also covers the hybrid operation with other small scale renewable power plants as well as the use of a storage system. The book features case studies and test-based design, and all system components are modelled using the well-known state space form technique.
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front cover of Modelling Distributed Energy Resources in Energy Service Networks
Modelling Distributed Energy Resources in Energy Service Networks
Salvador Acha
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2013
The smart-grid concept can mean many things, however there is a consensus that its objective involves seamlessly adopting new technologies to existing infrastructures and maximising the use of resources. Modelling Distributed Energy Resources in Energy Service Networks focuses on modelling two key infrastructures in urban energy systems with embedded technologies. These infrastructures are natural gas and electricity networks and the embedded technologies include cogeneration and electric vehicle devices. The subject is addressed using a holistic modelling framework which serves as a means to an end; this end being to optimise in a coordinated manner the operation of natural gas and electrical infrastructures under the presence of distributed energy resources, thus paving the way in which smart-grids should be managed. The modelling approach developed and presented in this book, under the name 'time coordinated optimal power flow' (TCOPF), functions as a decision maker entity that aggregates and coordinates the available DERs according to multiple criteria such as energy prices and utility conditions. The examples prove the TCOPF acts effectively as an unbiased intermediary entity that manages cost-effective interactions between the connected technologies and the distribution network operators, therefore showcasing an integral approach on how to manage new technologies for the benefit of all stakeholders.
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front cover of Monitoring and Control using Synchrophasors in Power Systems with Renewables
Monitoring and Control using Synchrophasors in Power Systems with Renewables
Innocent Kamwa
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2020
With the integration of more distributed or aggregated renewables, and the wide utilization of power electronic devices, modern power systems are facing new stability and security challenges, such as the weakly damped oscillation caused by wind farms connected through long distance transmission lines, the frequency stability problem induced by the reduction of inertia and the voltage stability issue resulting from the interactions between transmission systems and dynamic loads.
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front cover of Nanogrids and Picogrids and their Integration with Electric Vehicles
Nanogrids and Picogrids and their Integration with Electric Vehicles
Surajit Chattopadhyay
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2022
Nanogrids are small energy grids, powered by various generators often including photovoltaics. For example, a nanogrid might supply a village in a rural area and allow that village to trade its surplus energy. A picogrid is a still smaller energy grid. IRENA defines nanogrids as systems handling up to 5 kW of power while picogrids handle up to 1 kW.
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n-Type Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaics
Technology, applications and economics
Delfina Muñoz
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2022
Most solar cells currently in commercial use are p-type solar cells, due to their historically lower cost and ease of manufacture compared to n-type solar cells. However, due to improved manufacturing technology and falling cost in general, the cost difference between the two types has shrunk, making n-type solar cells an attractive option for future commercial high-efficiency solar cells.
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Offshore Wind Power
Reliability, availability and maintenance
Peter Tavner
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021
The development of offshore wind power has become a pressing energy issue, driven by the need to find new electrical power sources and to reduce the use of fossil fuels. Offshore wind farms can harness tremendous wind resources without annoying citizens and with a comparatively low environmental impact. They are thus becoming a central pillar of a carbon free energy system. However offshore turbines and wind farms are costly to install and maintain, making reliability and cost-effectiveness key issues. This work covers reliability of offshore wind farms as a whole, starting from weather and wind conditions, dealing with wind turbine technology, farm layout, monitoring, safety and maintenance. The thoroughly revised second edition additionally covers turbines of up to 10 MW, turbine design changes, turbine converters, HVDC converter stations and DC links, offshore sub-sea collector and export cables, and the structures supporting large offshore wind farms.
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Offshore Wind Turbines
Reliability, availability and maintenance
Peter Tavner
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2012
The development of offshore wind power has become a pressing modern energy issue in which the UK is taking a major part, driven by the need to find new electrical power sources, avoiding the use of fossil fuels, in the knowledge of the extensive wind resource available around our islands and the fact that the environmental impact of offshore wind farms is likely to be low.
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On Petrocultures
Globalization, Culture, and Energy
Imre Szeman
West Virginia University Press, 2019

On Petrocultures brings together key essays by Imre Szeman, a leading scholar in the field of energy humanities and a critical voice in debates about globalization and neoliberalism. Szeman’s most important and influential essays, in dialogue with exciting new pieces written for the book, investigate ever-evolving circuits of power in the contemporary world, as manifested in struggles over space and belonging, redefinitions of work and individual autonomy, and the deep links between energy use and climate change.

These essays explore life lived in the twenty-first century by examining critically the vocabulary through which capitalism makes sense of itself, focusing on concepts like the nation, globalization, neoliberalism, creativity, and entrepreneurship. At the heart of the volume is the concept of “petrocultures,” which demands that we understand a fundamental fact of modern life: we are shaped by and through fossil fuels. Szeman argues that we cannot take steps to address global warming without fundamentally changing the social, cultural, and political norms and expectations developed in conjunction with the energy riches of the past century. On Petrocultures maps the significant challenge of our dependence on fossil fuels and probes ways we might begin to leave petrocultures behind.

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Our Renewable Future
Laying the Path for One Hundred Percent Clean Energy
Richard Heinberg and David Fridley
Island Press, 2016
One of GreenBiz's Six Best Sustainability Books of 2016 

The next few decades will see a profound energy transformation throughout the world. By the end of the century (and perhaps sooner), we will shift from fossil fuel dependence to rely primarily on renewable sources like solar, wind, biomass, and geothermal power. Driven by the need to avert catastrophic climate change and by the depletion of easily accessible oil, coal, and natural gas, this transformation will entail a major shift in how we live. What might a 100% renewable future look like? Which technologies will play a crucial role in our energy future? What challenges will we face in this transition? And how can we make sure our new system is just and equitable?

In Our Renewable Future, energy expert Richard Heinberg and scientist David Fridley explore the challenges and opportunities presented by the shift to renewable energy. Beginning with a comprehensive overview of our current energy system, the authors survey issues of energy supply and demand in key sectors of the economy, including electricity generation, transportation, buildings, and manufacturing. In their detailed review of each sector, the authors examine the most crucial challenges we face, from intermittency in fuel sources to energy storage and grid redesign. The book concludes with a discussion of energy and equity and a summary of key lessons and steps forward at the individual, community, and national level.

The transition to clean energy will not be a simple matter of replacing coal with wind power or oil with solar; it will require us to adapt our energy usage as dramatically as we adapt our energy sources. Our Renewable Future is a clear-eyed and urgent guide to this transformation that will be a crucial resource for policymakers and energy activists.
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Performance, Modelling and Reliability of Photovoltaic Systems
George E. Georghiou
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2020
This book provides a comprehensive range of topics for monitoring, modelling and assessing the performance of photovoltaic plants, and enabling effective asset management. Using real-world data, the book emphasises practical usability, systematically covering the knowledge needed to perform these tasks, from the basics all the way through to the evaluation of key performance indicators. Source code used to perform data analysis is also included. This book is ideal for anyone working with photovoltaic systems or plants.
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Photovoltaic Technology for Hot and Arid Environments
Brahim Aïssa
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2023
The need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependency on fossil fuels necessitates accelerated deployment of renewable energy, such as photovoltaics (PV). Regions with high insolation in the "Sun Belt" covering north Africa and the middle east, as well as in Australia, parts of Latin America, and elsewhere offer tremendous potential for PV, including for green hydrogen production. However, these regions are characterized by a hot climate and a dusty environment, both causing reduction of PV panel performance by 25% or more. The development of solar cells with enhanced resistance to thermal degradation and the reduction of panel soiling have therefore been subjects of intense study.
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Pollution, Politics, and Power
The Struggle for Sustainable Electricity
Thomas O. McGarity
Harvard University Press, 2019

The electric power industry has been transformed over the past forty years, becoming more reliable and resilient while meeting environmental goals. A big question now is how to prevent backsliding.

Pollution, Politics, and Power tells the story of the remarkable transformation of the electric power industry over the last four decades. Electric power companies have morphed from highly polluting regulated monopolies into competitive, deregulated businesses that generate, transmit, and distribute cleaner electricity. Power companies are investing heavily in natural gas and utility-scale renewable resources and have stopped building new coal-fired plants. They facilitate end-use efficiency and purchase excess electricity produced by rooftop solar panels and backyard wind turbines, helping to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions.

But these beneficial changes have come with costs. The once-powerful coal industry is on the edge of ruin, with existing coal-fired plants closing and coal mines shutting down. As a result, communities throughout Appalachia suffer from high unemployment and reduced resources, which have exacerbated a spiraling opioid epidemic. The Trump administration’s efforts to revive the coal industry by scaling back environmental controls and reregulating electricity prices have had little effect on the coal industry’s decline.

Major advances therefore come with warning signs, which we must heed in charting the continuing course of sustainable electricity. In Pollution, Politics, and Power, Thomas O. McGarity examines the progress made, details lessons learned, and looks to the future with suggestions for building a more sustainable grid while easing the economic downsides of coal’s demise.

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Power Electronic Converters and Systems
Applications, Volume 2
Marcelo Godoy Simões
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2024
Power electronics is a field of constant evolution. Power grids are seeing developments, and the electrification of the transport sector requires better motor drives. Power electronics plays a key role with new devices such as wide bandgap devices and power converters that convert alternating current into direct current and vice versa, or change the voltage or frequency.
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Power Electronic Converters and Systems
Converters and machine drives, Volume 1
Marcelo Godoy Simões
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2024
Power electronics is a field of constant evolution. Power grids are seeing developments, and the electrification of the transport sector requires better motor drives. Power electronics plays a key role with new devices such as wide bandgap devices and power converters that convert alternating current into direct current and vice versa, or change the voltage or frequency.
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Power Grids with Renewable Energy
Storage, integration and digitalization
Abdelhay A. Sallam
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021
Generation of electricity from renewable sources has become a necessity, particularly due to environmental concerns. In order for renewable sources to provide reliable power, their sporadic availability under certain conditions and the lack of control over the resource must be addressed. Different renewable energy sources and storage technologies bring various properties to the table, and power systems must be adapted and constructed to accommodate these. Power electronics and micro-grids play key roles in enabling the use of renewable energy in the evolving smarter grids.
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Power Plant Control and Instrumentation
The control of boilers and HRSG systems
David Lindsley
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2000
This book provides a practical and comprehensive analysis of control systems for boilers and HRSGs (heat-recovery steam generators) in a variety of applications from waste-to-energy plants through to combined-cycle gas-turbine power stations (CCGTs).
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Power System Strength
Evaluation methods, best practice, case studies, and applications
Hassan Haes Alhelou
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2024
Power systems need to incorporate rising shares of intermittent renewables. The penetration levels of renewable energy sources, inverter-based resources and inverter-based loads have grown, which has negative impacts on the stability and system strength of existing power systems.
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Propulsion Systems for Hybrid Vehicles
John M. Miller
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2010
Worldwide, the automotive industry is being challenged to make dramatic improvements in vehicle fuel economy. In Europe there are CO2 emissions penalties prorated by the degree to which vehicles exceed mandated CO2 levels. In the United States, vehicle fuel economy targets set by Congress in 2007 for 20 per cent fuel economy improvement by 2020 are now being accelerated by the Obama administration to 35.5 mpg by 2016 for a passenger car. Taking effect in 2012, the new rules set more aggressive fuel economy measures that will require significant gains in engine and driveline efficiency, better performance cabin climate control and the introduction of electric hybridization. This 2nd Edition of Propulsion Systems for Hybrid Vehicles addresses the electrification innovations that will be required, ranging from low end brake energy recuperators, idle-stop systems and mild hybrids on to strong hybrids of the power split architecture in both single mode and two mode and introducing new topics in plug-in hybrid and battery electrics. Important topics of the 1st Edition are retained and expanded and some outdated material has been replaced with new information.
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Reliability of Power Electronics Converters for Solar Photovoltaic Applications
Ahteshamul Haque
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021
The importance of power electronic converters for electricity grid equipment is increasing due to the growing distribution-level penetration of renewable energy sources. The performance of the converters mostly depends on interactions between sources, loads, and their state of operation. These devices must be operated with safety and stability under normal conditions, fault conditions, overloads, as well as different operation modes. Therefore, enhanced control strategies of power electronic converters are necessary to improve system stability.
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Renewable Energy from the Oceans
From wave, tidal and gradient systems to offshore wind and solar
Domenico P. Coiro
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2019
There are many ways to harness the renewable and emissions-free energy available from the Earth's oceans. The technologies include wave energy, tidal and current energy, and energy from thermal and salinity gradients. In addition, offshore wind energy and marine (floating) solar arrays offer a possibility to exploit vast resources that are far larger than those available onshore. The potential capacities range from many hundreds of gigawatts to terawatts of generation. These technologies could contribute a significant part of the global electricity demand; they are particularly suitable for providing sustainable power to marine regions and island communities and nations.
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Scenarios for a Future Electricity Supply
Cost-optimised variations on supplying Europe and its neighbours with electricity from renewable energies
Gregor Czisch
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2011
This book pursues the fundamental idea of using renewable energies in a rational and economic way in order to develop a climate-friendly electricity supply. As the most cost efficient solution, an electricity network for the whole of Europe and parts of Africa and Asia must be found. The sources of renewable and partly decentralised electricity generation could be connected in a comprehensive power supply to meet the electricity needs of an entire region.
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Silicon Solar Cell Metallization and Module Technology
Thorsten Dullweber
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2022
In solar cell production, metallization is the manufacturing of metal contacts at the surfaces of solar cells in order to collect the photo-generated current for use. Being one of the most expensive steps in solar cell fabrication, it plays both an electrical and an optical role, because the contacts contribute to shading, and to the series resistance of solar cells. In addition, metal contacts may reduce the solar cells voltage due to charge carrier recombination at the metal / silicon interface. Addressing these challenges could increase solar cell conversion efficiency while cutting their production costs.
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Small Wind and Hydrokinetic Turbines
Philip Clausen
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2022
There is huge potential for smaller wind turbines to provide clean energy around the world. Small wind turbines come in a variety of designs, and have similarities in principles and technology to small hydrokinetic turbines (SHKTs). SHKTs, in turn, can play an important role in hydropower. Small wind and hydrokinetic systems can even work together, for example, to power farms, communities, campuses, rural as well as remote rural areas, and island regions.
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Smarter Energy
From smart metering to the smart grid
Hongjian Sun
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2016
This book presents cutting-edge perspectives and research results in smart energy spanning multiple disciplines across four main topics: smart metering, smart grid modeling, control and optimization, and smart grid communications and networking.
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Solar Photovoltaic Energy
Anne Labouret
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2010
This professional manual on photovoltaic energy gives designers, installers and managers the tools and methods for:
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Structural Control and Fault Detection of Wind Turbine Systems
Hamid Reza Karimi
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2019
With the rapid growth of wind energy worldwide, challenges in the operation and control of wind turbine systems are becoming increasingly important. These affect all parts of the system, and require an integrated approach to optimize safety, cost, integrity and survivability of the system, while retaining the desired performance quality.
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Surface Passivation of Industrial Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Joachim John
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2019
Surface passivation of silicon solar cells describes a technology for preventing electrons and holes to recombine prematurely with one another on the wafer surface. It increases the cell's energy conversion efficiencies and thus reduces the cost per kWh generated by a PV system.
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Tidal Power
A.C. Baker
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 1991
The tides, generated by the revolution of the earth in the gravitational fields of the sun and moon, are an enormous resource of renewable energy. Moreover, the times and heights of tides can be accurately predicted well into the future. However, tidal ranges in the oceans vary from 50cm or less to over 10 m, and it is the largest tides that represent the best energy source. This book describes how large tides develop in particular places and how the energy could be extracted by building suitable barrages. The principal features of a barrage and possible methods of operation are described in detail. Although a tidal power barrage would be non-polluting, the resulting changes in the tidal regime would have important environmental effects. These are discussed together with the economics of tidal power. Methods of assessing the likely cost of electricity from any site are set out and applied to possible sites around the world.
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Transforming the Grid Towards Fully Renewable Energy
Oliver Probst
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2020
The need for a deep decarbonization of the energy sector and the associated opportunities are now increasingly recognized, with fossil fuel projects simultaneously becoming more risky business propositions. With large-scale wind and solar generation now being the cheapest options in many parts of the world, a deeply renewable electricity sector is predestined to become the main driver of this transition. Yet, misconceptions abound. In part, this can be traced back to the complexity of the electricity sector and the processes involved in its transformation, located at the intersection between grid design and operation, markets and regulations.
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Utility-scale Wind Turbines and Wind Farms
Ahmad Vasel-Be-Hagh
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021
Wind power is a pillar of low emission energy systems. Designing more efficient wind turbines and farms, and increasing reliability and flexibility, is an area of intense research and development. In order to overcome the intermittent character of wind power, both the individual turbines and the wind farm as a whole must be considered.
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Wave and Tidal Generation Devices
Reliability and availability
Peter Tavner
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2017
There are many wave and tidal devices under development but as yet very few are actually in revenue earning production. However the engineering problems are gradually being solved and there is an appetite to invest in these renewable generation technologies for harsher environments. To some extent the wave and tidal generation industry is following in the wake of the wind industry, particularly learning from the growing experience of offshore wind farm deployment. This book combines wind industry lessons with wave and tidal field knowledge to explore the main reliability and availability issues facing this growing industry.
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Wind and Solar Based Energy Systems for Communities
Rupp Carriveau
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2018
A sustainable community energy system is an approach to supplying a local community - ranging from a few homes or farms to entire cities - with its energy requirements from renewable energy or high-efficiency co-generation energy sources. Such systems are frequently based on wind power, solar power, biomass, either singly or in combination. Community energy projects have been growing in numbers in several key regions.
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Wind Energy Modeling and Simulation
Atmosphere and plant, Volume 1
Paul Veers
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2020
In order to optimise the yield of wind power from existing and future wind plants, the entire breadth of the system of a plant, from the wind field to the turbine components, needs to be modelled in the design process. The modelling and simulation approaches used in each subsystem as well as the system-wide solution methods to optimize across subsystem boundaries are described in this reference. Chapters are written by technical experts in each field, describing the current state of the art in modelling and simulation for wind plant design. This comprehensive, two-volume research reference will provide long-lasting insight into the methods that will need to be developed for the technology to advance into its next generation.
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Wind Energy Modeling and Simulation
Turbine and system, Volume 2
Paul Veers
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2020
In order to optimise the yield of wind power from existing and future wind plants, the entire breadth of the system of a plant, from the wind field to the turbine components, needs to be modelled in the design process. The modelling and simulation approaches used in each subsystem as well as the system-wide solution methods to optimize across subsystem boundaries are described in this reference. Chapters are written by technical experts in each field, describing the current state of the art in modelling and simulation for wind plant design. This comprehensive, two-volume research reference will provide long-lasting insight into the methods that will need to be developed for the technology to advance into its next generation.
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Wind Power Integration
Connection and system operational aspects
Brendan Fox
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2014
The rapid growth of wind generation has many implications for power system planning, operation and control. Network development, voltage rise, protection, monitoring and control are connection problems common to all wind power generation.
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Wind Power Integration
Connection and system operational aspects
Brendan Fox
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2007
The rapid growth of wind generation has many implications for power system planning, operation and control. This would have been a considerable challenge for the old nationalised power companies; it has become an even greater challenge in today's liberalised electricity markets.
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Wind Power Modelling
Power plants and grid integration, Volume 3
Paul Veers
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2019
Wind Power Modelling: Power plants and grid integration is the third book in a comprehensive three-volume set on wind farm power modelling; the key to efficient wind plant design and wind power growth. The set covers every aspect - from wind flow over turbine component design to grid integration. With chapters from eminent international experts, the set is written for researchers in academia and industry involved with all facets of wind power modelling. Covering generation, storage technologies and grid models, this volume will be of particular interest to practitioners in the utilities sector.
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Wind Turbine System Design
Electrical systems, grid integration, control and monitoring, Volume 2
Jan Wenske
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2024
Wind energy is a pillar of the strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and staving off catastrophic climate change, but the market is under tremendous pressure to reduce costs. This results in the need for optimising any new wind turbine to maximise the return on investment and keep the technology profitable and the sector thriving. Optimisation involves selecting the best component out of many, and then optimising the system as a whole.
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Wind Turbine System Design
Nacelles, drivetrains and verification, Volume 1
Jan Wenske
The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2022
Wind energy is a pillar of the strategy to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and stave off catastrophic climate change, but the market is under tremendous pressure to reduce costs. This results in the need for optimising any new wind turbine to maximise the return on investment and keep the technology profitable and the sector thriving. Optimisation involves selecting the best component out of many, and then optimising the system as a whole. Key components are the nacelles and drive trains, and the verification of their work as a system.
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