This is volume 57 issue 4 of Winterthur Portfolio. Winterthur Portfolio fosters knowledge of the North American past by publishing articles on material culture and the historical contexts within which artifacts developed. The journal presents interdisciplinary scholarship that critically engages art history, history, geography, ethnology, archaeology, anthropology, craft, design, and literature. It publishes articles that are analytical and synthetic rather than descriptive, and it encourages submissions by scholars underrepresented in material culture studies.