ABOUT THIS BOOK

Between the early seventeenth and the mid-nineteenth century, the field of natural history in Japan separated itself from the discipline of medicine, produced knowledge that questioned the traditional religious and philosophical understandings of the world, developed into a system (called honzogaku) that rivaled Western science in complexity—and then seemingly disappeared. Or did it? In The Knowledge of Nature and the Nature of Knowledge in Early Modern Japan, Federico Marcon recounts how Japanese scholars developed a sophisticated discipline of natural history analogous to Europe’s but created independently, without direct influence, and argues convincingly that Japanese natural history succumbed to Western science not because of suppression and substitution, as scholars traditionally have contended, but by adaptation and transformation.

The first book-length English-language study devoted to the important field of honzogaku, The Knowledge of Nature and the Nature of Knowledge in Early Modern Japan will be an essential text for historians of Japanese and East Asian science, and a fascinating read for anyone interested in the development of science in the early modern era.

AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY

Federico Marcon is assistant professor of Japanese history in the Department of History and the Department of East Asian Studies at Princeton University.

REVIEWS

"Books that invoke big thinkers' names abound, but few engage the ideas as profitably as this. The Knowledge of Nature and the Nature of Knowledge in Early Modern Japan is a magnificent work, erudite and sophisticated. This is the most stimulating work in the early modern field to appear in some time."

— David L. Howell, Harvard University

"Marcon boldly challenges the hoary notion that the disenchantment of the world through scientific investigation was unique to the West. Like their early modern European counterparts, Japan’s honzogaku scholars systematically transformed natural ecosystems into discrete objects of analysis, manipulation, and control. This exciting study places Japan’s independent scientific trajectory in the context of its growing commodity culture and professionalization of scholarship."

— Julia Adeney Thomas, University of Notre Dame

"Opens a fascinating window into the history of Japan's relationship to its natural environment. . . . The book charts transformations not only of natural objects and studies of them in Japan, but also of the professional and social identity of scholars, the disciplinary identity of the field, the popular engagement with natural history, and the illustration of the natural world. . . . A must-read for historians of early modern science, natural history, and Tokugawa studies!"

— Carla Nappi, New Books in East Asian Studies

“The first Anglophone account of ‘nature studies’ in early modern Japan, as well as a bold attempt to provincialize Eurocentric narratives of modernity's relation to nature.”

— Canadian Journal of History

“Breaks new ground for the history of science in East Asia and represents an important contribution to ongoing efforts to reevaluate the distinctiveness of early modern European science.”

— Isis

"Federico Marcon’s rich history of honzōgaku makes an enormous contribution to the field of early modern Japanese history. Given the inseparability of honzōgaku’s scientific advances and concurrent epistemological shifts, The Knowledge of Nature and the Nature of Knowledge in Early Modern Japan is as much about the evolving state of knowledge as it is an investigation of nature studies itself....Both fascinating and authoritative, it is destined to endure as a distinguished study of early modern Japanese thought."

— American Historical Review

"The main contributions of this book lie in its sophisticated analysis of the social and institutional contexts for the production and consumption of knowledge about nature in Tokugawa Japan and in its reconsideration of prevailing discourses that equate the development of science in Japan with a process of Westernization. Its engagement with not only the history of science, but also such fields as environmental studies, economic history, the history of the book, and art history, make it an essential resource for a wide range of readers."

— Journal of Japanese Studies

“In a brilliantly analytical, well-written study, the Italian historian of Japan Federico Marcon introduces to a Western readership for the first time the early history of natural history in Japan…. First published in Japan in 1637, Honzô kômuku revolutionized nature studies in that country and gave its naturalists an impetus to develop natural history into a flourishing Japanese science. Who those naturalists were, how they fitted into society, and what they accomplished, is Marcon’s beautifully told story.”

— Archives of Natural History

"Knowledge of Nature and Nature of Knowledge is a very rich work with substantial detail, going in-depth into the various aspects of honzōgaku. The book appeals to a wide interdisciplinary audience of historians of Japan and East Asia, historians of science, and environmental historians...Marcon’s book is part of a new wave of scholarship which allows us to gain a deeper understanding of East Asian Science. The book is as well researched as it is captivating to read and is a must on syllabi of courses on East Asian history of science."

— Florin-Stefan Morar, Nuncius

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents

Prologue

Part I. Introduction

Chapter 1. Nature without Nature: Prolegomena to a History of Nature Studies in Early Modern Japan

Chapter 2. The Bencao gangmu and the World It Created

Part II. Ordering Names: 1607-1715

Chapter 3. Knowledge in Translation: Hayashi Razan and the Glossing of Bencao gangmu

Chapter 4. Writing Nature’s Encyclopedia

Chapter 5. The First Japanese Encyclopedias of Nature: Yamato honzō and Shobutsu ruisan

Part III. Inventorying Resources: 1716– 36

Chapter 6. Tokugawa Yoshimune and the Study of Nature in Eighteenth- Century Japan

Chapter 7. Inventorying Nature

Part IV. Nature’s Spectacles: The Long Eighteenth Century (1730s– 1840s)

Chapter 8. Nature’s Wonders: Natural History as Pastime

Chapter 9. Nature in Cultural Circles

Chapter 10. Nature Exhibited: Hiraga Gennai

Chapter 11. Representing Nature: From “Truth” to “Accuracy”

Part V. The Making of Japanese Nature: The Bakumatsu Period

Bakumatsu Honzōgaku

Chapter 12. Bakumatsu Honzōgaku: The End of Eclecticism?

Chapter 13. Nature as Accumulation Strategy: Satō Nobuhiro and the Synthesis of Honzōgaku and Keizaigaku

Epilogue

Acknowledgments

List of Japanese and Chinese Terms

Notes

Index

REQUEST ACCESSIBLE FILE

If you are a student who cannot use this book in printed form, BiblioVault may be able to supply you with an electronic file for alternative access.

Please have the accessibility coordinator at your school fill out this form.

It can take 2-3 weeks for requests to be filled.