Abbreviations
Acknowledgments
1 Paupers or Citizens? Struggles over the Status and Rights of Welfare State Claimants
Part One. Claiming Rights as Citizen-Soldiers: Struggles during Reconstruction
2 “The ‘pauper slavery’ of the poorhouse”: The Freedmen’s Bureau, 1865–1872
3 An Honorable Alternative to Poor Relief: Civil War Veterans’ Pensions, 1862–1890
Part Two. Claiming Rights as Citizen-Workers: Struggles during the New Deal
4 “They are just ‘reliefers’ and have no rights”: The Works Progress Administration, 1935–1942
5 “A different class from the ordinary relief case”: Old Age Insurance, 1935–1949
Part Three. From Citizen-Mothers to Citizen-Workers: Struggles after the New Deal
6 “Work with no rights and no pay equals slavery”: Workfare in New York City, 1993–2001
7 Respectable Aid for the Working Poor: The Earned Income Tax Credit, 1975–2001
8 Conclusion: Relief, Rights, and Race in the Development of the Welfare State
Notes
Bibliography
Index