This is volume 184 issue 4 of International Journal of Plant Sciences. Since 1875, the International Journal of Plant Sciences (IJPS) has presented high-quality, original, peer-reviewed research from laboratories around the world and in all areas of the plant sciences. Topics covered include genetics and genomics, developmental and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology, morphology and anatomy, systematics, evolution, paleobotany, plant-microbe interactions, and ecology. IJPS welcomes research articles that describe novel results and new perspectives on topics of interest to the international community of plant scientists. The journal also features reviews and special issues in growing areas of the field.