• Contents 
• INTRODUCTION
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• THE LATIN AMERICAN ENVIRONMENT
• The Physical Features of Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean
• The Physical Features of South America
• The Physical Features of Spain and Portugal
• The Vegetation of Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean
• The Vegetation of South America
• The Climate of Latin America
• Prevailing Winds and Ocean Currents
• THE COLONIAL PERIOD
• The Iberian Background
• The Spread of Islam
• Farthest Extent of Moorish Conquest in Iberia, ca 715
• The Caliphate of Córdoba, 912–1031
• The Reconquest of Iberia, ca 1100
• The Reconquest of Iberia, ca 1265
• The End of the Middle Ages, ca 1480
• The Empire of Charles V in Europe, 1516–1556
• The Empire of Philip II in Europe, 1556–1598
• The Amerindian Background
• Latin America: Culture Levels and Tribal Groups
• The Culture Areas of Mesoamerica
• Mesoamerica: Estimated Time Line
• Mesoamerica: Early Hunters and Archaic Periods (24,000 B.C–1500 B.C.)
• Formative Mesoamerica (1500 B.C–300 A.D.)
• Classic Mesoamerica (300 A.D.–900 A.D.)
• Early Post-Classic Mesoamerica: Extent of the Toltecs (900 A.D.–1200 A.D.)
• Post-Classic Mesoamerica: Aztec Empire at the Time of Conquest (1200 A.D.–1500 A.D.)
• South America: Early Sites (22,000 B.C–3000 B.C.)
• The Andean Region: Estimated Time Line
• The Andean Region: 2500 B.C–200 B.C.
• The Andean Region: 200 B.C.–1000 A.D
• The Andean Region: 1000 A.D.–1438 A.D
• The Inca Empire at the Time of Conquest
• Cuzco
• Discovery and Conquest
• The Voyages of Discovery
• The Caribbean Explorations
• The Conquest of Mexico
• Lake Texcoco and Vicinity
• The Major Temples and Palaces of Tenochtitlán
• The Mexican Explorations
• The South American Explorations
• Brazil, 1500–1650
• Settlement and Economy in Brazil until 1695
• The Colonial Governments
• The Viceroyalty of New Spain, ca 1650
• The Viceroyalty of Peru, ca 1650
• Brazil, ca 1650
• The Viceroyalty of New Spain, ca 1800
• Spanish South America, ca 1800
• The Viceroyalty of Brazil, ca 1780
• Ecclesiastical Divisions of New Spain, ca 1650: Franciscan Provinces
• Dominican Provinces
• Augustinian Provinces
• Trade, Resources, and Competition Trade Routes, 1561–1766
• The Manila Galleon
• Eighteenth-Century Trading Companies
• The Atlantic Slave Trade, 1451–1600
• 1601–1700
• 1701–1810
• 1811–1870
• John Hawkins—Sixteenth-Century Interloper
• Sir Francis Drake—English Privateer, 1571–1594
• Drake's Voyage Around the World, 1577–1580
• Piet Heyn—Dutch Privateer
• Other Seventeenth-Century Interlopers
• Principal Mining Areas of Colonial New Spain
• Principal Mining Areas of Colonial South America
• The Independence of Spanish America
• The Campaigns of Simán Bolívar, 1812–1816
• The Independence of Spanish South America
• The Campaign of Simón Bolívar, 1818
• The Campaign of San Martín
• Latin America in 1830
• THE MODERN PERIOD
• Latin American Boundaries
• The Mexican Republic in 1824
• The Dissolution of Gran Colombia, 1830
• Major International Boundary Disputes
• United States-Mexico, 1836–1853
• Scott's Mexican Campaign, 1847–1848
• Guatemala-British Honduras, 1783, 1786, and 1859
• Costa Rica-Panama, 1802–1938
• Guatemala-Honduras, 1842–1933
• Honduras-Nicaragua, 1844–1898
• Venezuela-British Guiana, 1899
• War of the Pacific, 1879–1884, and the Treaty of 1929
• Colombia-Ecuador-Peru, 1830–1942
• Brazil-Uruguay, 1750–1851
• Brazilian Territorial Expansion since 1830
• The Paraguayan War, 1864–1870
• The Gran Chaco War, 1929–1935
• Chile-Argentina, 1896–1905
• Chile-Argentina, 1823–1902
• Argentina-Falklands, 1982
• Latin American International Relations
• The United States in Central America and the Caribbean, 1898–1941
• The United States in Central America and the Caribbean, 1942–1979
• Latin America in World War 1
• Latin America in the League of Nations
• Latin America in World War II
• Latin American Countries ca 1975
• The Countries of Latin America
• Mexico
• Belize
• Guatemala
• Honduras
• El Salvador
• Nicaragua
• Costa Rica
• Panama
• Cuba
• Hispaniola: Haiti
• Hispaniola: Dominican Republic
• The Caribbean Islands
• Venezuela
• Colombia
• Ecuador
• Peru
• Bolivia
• Chile
• Brazil
• Paraguay
• Uruguay
• Argentina
• Latin American Population
• Life Expectancy at Birth, 1978
• Population Estimates, 1900
• Population Estimates, 1950
• Population Estimates, 1980
• Population Density, 1978
• Average Annual Growth of Urban Population in Towns over 20,000, 1960–1977
• Average Annual Growth of Population, 1960–1970 and 1970–1978
• Cities over 200,000 Inhabitants, 1970–1976
• Percent of Urban Population in Towns over 20,000, 1977
• Latin American Economies and Society
• Average Annual Rate of Inflation, 1960–1970 and 1970–1978
• Gross National Product, 1978
• Gross National Product per Capita, 1978
• Gross National Product per Capita Annual Growth Rate, 1960–1978
• Net Direct Private Investment, 1970 and 1978
• Distribution of Gross Domestic Product by Category, 1960 and 1978
• Percent of Labor Force in Agriculture, 1960 and 1978
• Total Energy Consumption, 1950 and 1976
• Per Capita Energy Consumption, 1950 and 1976
• External Public Debt, 1970 and 1978
• External Public Debt as a Percent of Gross National Product, 1970 and 1978
• Debt Service as a Percent of Exports of Goods and Services, 1970 and 1978
• Students in Primary School as a Percent of School Age Population, 1960 and 1977
• INDEX
• Index to the Maps

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