Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Introduction: Architecture of the 1960's: Hopes and Fears
Part I. History a Part of Life
Introduction
The Historian's Relation to His Age
The Demand for Continuity
Contemporary History
The Identity of Methods
Transitory and Constituent Facts
Architecture as an Organism
Procedure
Part II. Our Architectural Inheritance
The New Space Conception: Perspective
Prerequisites for the Growth of Cities
The Star-Shaped City
Perspective and the Constituent Elements of the City
The Wall, the Square, and the Street
Bramante and the Open Stairway
Michelangelo and the Modeling of Outer Space
What Is the Real Significance of the Area Capitolina?
Leonardo Da Vinci and the Dawn of Regional Planning
Sixtus V (1585-1590) and the Planning of Baroque Rome
The Medieval and the Renaissance City
Sixtus V and His Pontificate
The Master Plan
The Social Aspect
The Late Baroque
Francesco Borromini, 1599-1667
Guarino Guarini, 1624-1683
South Germany: Vierzehnheiligen
The Residential Group and Nature
Single Squares
Series of Interrelated Squares
Part III. The Evolution of New Potentialities
Industrialization as a Fundamental Event
Iron
Early Iron Construction in England
The Sunderland Bridge
Early Iron Construction on the Continent
From the Iron Column to the Steel Frame
The Cast-Iron Column
Toward the Steel Frame
James Bogardus
The St. Louis River Front
Early Skeleton Buildings
Elevators
The Schism Between Architecture and Technology
Discussions
Ecole Polytechnique: the Connection between Science and Life
The Demand for a New Architecture
The Interrelations of Architecture and Engineering
Henri Labrouste, Architect-constructor, 1801-1875
Market Halls
Department Stores
The Great Exhibitions
The Great Exhibition, London, 1851
The Universal Exhibition, Paris, 1855
Paris Exhibition of 1867
Paris Exhibition of 1878
Paris Exhibition of 1889
Chicago, 1893
Gustave Eiffel and His Tower
Part IV. The Demand for Morality in Architecture
The Nineties: Precursors of Contemporary Architecture
Brussels the Center of Contemporary Art, 1880-1890
Victor Horta's Contribution
Berlage's Stock Exchange and the Demand for Morality
Otto wagner and the Viennese School
Ferroconcrete and Its Influence Upon Architecture
A. G. Perret
Tony Garnier
Part V. American Development
Europe Observes American Production
The Structure of American Industry
The Balloon Frame and Industrialization
The Balloon Frame and the Building-up of the West
The Invention of the Balloon Frame
George Washington Snow, 1797-1870
The Balloon Frame and the Windsor Chair
Plane Surfaces in American Architecture
The Flexible and Informal Ground Plan
The Chicago School
The Apartment House
Toward Pure Forms
The Leiter Building, 1889
The Reliance Building, 1894
Sullivan: The Carson, Pirie, Scott Store, 1889-1906
The Influence of the Chicago World's Fair, 1893
Wright and the American Development
The Cruciform and the Elongated Plan
Plane Surfaces and Structure
The Urge toward the Organic
Office Buildings
Influence of Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank Lloyd Wright's Late Period
Part VI. Space-time in Art, Architecture, and Construction
Do We Need Artists?
The Research Into Space: Cubism
The Ariistic Means
The Research Into Movement: Futurism
Painting Today
The Bridges of Robert Maillart
Afterword
Germany in the Nineteenth Century
Walter Gropius
Germany after the First W'orld IT'ar and the Bauhaus
The Bauhaus Buildings at Dessau, 1926
Architectural Aims
The Significance of the Post-1930 Emigration
Walter Gropius and the American Scene
Architectural Activity
Gropius as Educator
Later Development
American Embassy in Athens, 1956-1961
Le Corbusier and the Means of Architectonic Expression
The Villa Savoie, 1928-1930
The League of Nations Competition, 1927: Contemporary Architecture Comes to the Front
Large Constructions and Architectural Aims
Social Imagination
The Unite d'Habitation, 1947-1952
Chandigarh
Later Work
The Carpenter Center for Visual Arts, Harvard University, 1963
Le Corbusier and His Clients
The Priory of Ste. Marie de la Tourette, 1960
The Legacy of Le Corbusier
Mies Van Der Rohe and the Integrity of Form
The Elements of Mies van der Rohe's Architecture
Country Houses, 1923
The Weissenhof Housing Settlement, Stuttgart, 1927
The Illinois Institute of Technology, 1939
High-rise Apartments
Office Buildings
On the Integrity of Form
Union between Life and Architecture
The Complementarity of the Differentiated and the Primitive
Finnish Architecture before 1930
Aalto's First Buildings
Paimio: The Sanatorium, 1929-1933
The Undulating Wall
Sunila: Factory and Landscape, 1937-1939
Mairea, 1938-1939
Organic Town Planning
Civic and Cultural Centers
Furniture in Standard Units
Aalto as Architect
The Human Side
Relations to the Past
Jørn Utzon
The Horizontal Plane as a Constituent Element
The Right of Expression: The Vaults of the Sydney Opera House
Empathy with the Situation: The Zurich Theater, 1964
Sympathy with the Anonymous Client
Imagination and Implementation
The International Congresses for Modern Architecture (Clam) and the Formation of Contemporary Architecture
Part VII. City Planning in the Nineteenth Century
Early Nineteenth Century
The Rue de Rivoli of Napoleon I
The Dominance of Greenery: The London Squares
The Garden Squares of Bloomsbury
Large-scale Housing Development: Regent's Park
The Street Becomes Dominant: The Transformation of Paris, 1853-1868
Paris in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century
The "Trois Reseaux" of Eugene Haussmann
Squares, Boulevards, Gardens, and Plants
The City as a Technical Problem
Haussmann's Use of Modern Methods of Finance
The Basic Unit of the Street
The Scale of the Street
Haussmann's Foresight: His Influence
Part VIII. City Planning as a Human Problem
The Late Nineteenth Century
Ebenezer Howard and the Garden City
Patrick Geddes and Arturo Soria y Mata
Tony Garnier's Cite Industrielle, 1901-1904
Amsterdam and the Rebirth of Town Planning
H. P. Berlage's Plans for Amsterdam South
The General Extension Plan of Amsterdam, 1934
Interrelations of Housing and Activities of Private Life
Part IX. Space-time in City Planning
Contemporary Attitude toward Town Planning
Destruction or Transformation?
The American Parkway in the Thirties
High-rise Buildings in Open Space
Freedom for the Pedestrian
The Civic Center: Rockefeller Center, 1931-1939
City and State
The City: No Longer an Enclosed Organism
Continuity and Change
The Individual and Collective Spheres
Signs of Change and of Constancy
Part X. In Conclusion
On the Limits of the Organic in Architecture
Politics and Architecture
Index