ABOUT THIS BOOK

Blacks and Whites. Men and Women. Historically, each group has held very different types of jobs. The divide between these jobs was stark—clean or dirty, steady or inconsistent, skilled or unskilled. In such a rigidly segregated occupational landscape, race and gender radically limited labor opportunities, relegating Black women to the least desirable jobs. Opportunity Denied is the first comprehensive look at changes in race, gender, and women’s work across time, comparing the labor force experiences of Black women to White women, Black men and White men. Enobong Hannah Branch merges empirical data with rich historical detail, offering an original overview of the evolution of Black women’s work.

From free Black women in 1860 to Black women in 2008, the experience of discrimination in seeking and keeping a job has been determinedly constant. Branch focuses on occupational segregation before 1970 and situates the findings of contemporary studies in a broad historical context, illustrating how inequality can grow and become entrenched over time through the institution of work.

AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY

ENOBONG HANNAH BRANCH is an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

REVIEWS

"In an exemplary application of intersectional analysis to Black women’s labor history, Branch convincingly demonstrates that the 100- year legacy of racial and gender exclusion explains Black women’s poverty today."

— Bonnie Thornton Dill, author of Emerging Intersections: Race, Class and Gender in Theory Policy and Practice

“This is an important story to tell and Branch’s Opportunity Denied makes a significant contribution to the study of black women’s work.”

— Margaret L. Andersen, professor of sociology, University of Delaware

"This is a wonderful, well-written and carefully argued book. Branch does an excellent job of demonstrating how historical inequalities can take hundreds of years to remedy."

— Labour/Le Travail

"Branch has done an excellent job analyzing a very complex and loaded topic. This book will surely required reading for scholars interested
in intersectionality and labor-market inequalities."

— American Journal of Sociology

"Branch’s thesis is a powerful one. What does opportunity and economic progress really mean for black women as mothers, sisters, partners, and caretakers? For Branch, and the majority of black women, it indicates an occupational structure that maintains and protects the status quo and offers little promise of change."

— American Studies Journal

"This is a wonderful, well-written and carefully argued book. Branch does an excellent job of demonstrating how historical inequalities can take hundreds of years to remedy."

— Labour/Le Travail

"Branch’s thesis is a powerful one. What does opportunity and economic progress really mean for black women as mothers, sisters, partners, and caretakers? For Branch, and the majority of black women, it indicates an occupational structure that maintains and protects the status quo and offers little promise of change."

— American Studies Journal

"In an exemplary application of intersectional analysis to Black women’s labor history, Branch convincingly demonstrates that the 100- year legacy of racial and gender exclusion explains Black women’s poverty today."

— Bonnie Thornton Dill, author of Emerging Intersections: Race, Class and Gender in Theory Policy and Practice

“This is an important story to tell and Branch’s Opportunity Denied makes a significant contribution to the study of black women’s work.”

— Margaret L. Andersen, professor of sociology, University of Delaware

"Branch has done an excellent job analyzing a very complex and loaded topic. This book will surely required reading for scholars interested
in intersectionality and labor-market inequalities."

— American Journal of Sociology

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

1. Hierarchies of Preference at Work: The Need for an Intersectional Approach

2. As Good as Any Man: Black Women in Farm Labor

3. Excellent Servants: Domestic Service as Black Women's Work

4. Existing on the Industrial Fringe: Black Women in the Factory

5. Your Blues Ain't Nothing Like Mine: Race and Gender as Keys to Occupational Opportunity

6. The Illusion of Progress: Black Women's Work in the Post-Civil Rights Era