ABOUT THIS BOOKA revelatory examination of 150 years of sexuality-based discrimination against immigrants to the United States.
Lesbians, prostitutes, women likely to have sex across racial lines, "brought to the United States for immoral purposes," or "arriving in a state of pregnancy"--national threats, one and all. Since the late nineteenth century, immigrant women's sexuality has been viewed as a threat to national security, to be contained through strict border-monitoring practices. By scrutinizing this policy, its origins, and its application, Eithne Luibhéid shows how the U.S. border became a site not just for controlling female sexuality but also for contesting, constructing, and renegotiating sexual identity.
Initially targeting Chinese women, immigration control based on sexuality rapidly expanded to encompass every woman who sought entry to the United States. The particular cases Luibhéid examines--efforts to differentiate Chinese prostitutes from wives, the 1920s exclusion of Japanese wives to reduce the Japanese-American birthrate, the deportation of a Mexican woman on charges of lesbianism, the role of rape in mediating women's border crossings today--challenge conventional accounts that attribute exclusion solely to prejudice or lack of information. This innovative work clearly links sexuality-based immigration exclusion to a dominant nationalism premised on sexual, gender, racial, and class hierarchies.
Eithne Luibhéid is assistant professor of ethnic studies at Bowling Green State University.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgments vll
Introduction Ix
Power and Sexuality at the Border
1. Entry Denied 1
A History of U.S. Immigration Control
2. A Blueprint for Exclusion 31
The Page Law, Prostitution, and Discrimination
against Chinese Women
3. Birthing a Nation 55
Race, Ethnicity, and Childbearing
4. Looking Like a Lesbian 77
Sexual Monitoring at the U.S.-Mexico Border
5. Rape, Asylum, and the U.S. Border Patrol 103
Conclusion 137
Sexuality, Immigration, and Resistance
Appendix 147
Sexuality Considerations in
the Refugee/Asylum System
Notes 159