Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Preface
Contents
Figures and Tables
Summary
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Background
Rationale for NIJ-Sponsored Research
Report Structure
Chapter Two: Framing the LPR Environment
Major Uses
Reactive Policing
Analytic Uses
Cost Considerations
Benefits
Challenges
Privacy Concerns
Study Population Categorization Scheme
Border Locations
Selection Criteria Within Categories
Interview Protocol
Access to Resources: Big v. Small
LPR on the Border
Geographic Clusters
Chapter Five: The Legal Aspect of LPR Privacy Concerns
Fourth Amendment
Contemporary Fourth Amendment Doctrine
State Constitutional Restrictions
Specific Prohibitions
More-General State Restrictions on Data Collection
Liability Risk in Use
Constitutionally Relevant Dimensions
Conclusion
LPR Utility Depends on Data, Human Resources
Interoperability Among Jurisdictions Requires Several Elements
Data Storage and Retention: Technology Drives
LPR Funding Is Largely External
Major Case Uses for LPR: Often Department-Specific
System Structure and Policies Vary
Privacy Concerns
Benefits
Challenges
Be Prepared to Pay for Operations and Maintenance
Develop Policies for LPR Usage, Data Access, and Data Storage
Think Outside the Box When Deciding How to Employ LPR
Police Departments Need to Link LPR Systems to “Effective” Data Sources
Effective Implementation Frequently Requires Cooperation with Other Agencies
It Helps to Have an LPR “Champion”
Officer Training Is Important
Cloud-Based Data Storage Lowers Costs but Runs Some Risks
Chapter Eight: Conclusions
Privacy Issues
Recommendations for Enhanced Use of LPR
A. Case Study Summaries
B. Interview Protocol
References