The Science of Gun Policy: A Critical Synthesis of Research Evidence on the Effects of Gun Policies in the United States
The Science of Gun Policy: A Critical Synthesis of Research Evidence on the Effects of Gun Policies in the United States
by RAND Corporation
RAND Corporation, 2018
eISBN: 978-0-8330-9843-6 | Paper: 978-0-8330-9841-2
Library of Congress Classification HV7436.S387 2018
Dewey Decimal Classification 363.330973
eISBN: 978-0-8330-9843-6 | Paper: 978-0-8330-9841-2
Library of Congress Classification HV7436.S387 2018
Dewey Decimal Classification 363.330973
ABOUT THIS BOOK | TOC
ABOUT THIS BOOK
This report synthesizes the available scientific evidence on the effects of various firearm policies on firearm deaths, violent crime, the gun industry, participation in hunting and sport shooting, and other outcomes. Based on this synthesis, the authors highlight policies whose effects are better supported by evidence and areas where more and better information could contribute to establishing fair and effective gun policies.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Gun Policy in America Research Synthesis Project Team
Preface
Contents
Figures
Tables
Summary
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Part A: Introduction and Methods
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction
Research Focus
Organization of This Report
Chapter One References
Selecting Policies
Selecting and Reviewing Studies
Effects of the Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria on the Literature Reviewed
Effect Size Estimates
Chapter Two References
Part B: Evidence on the Effects of 13 Policies
CHAPTER THREE: Background Checks
State Implementation of Background Checks
Effects on Suicide
Effects on Violent Crime
Effects on Mass Shootings
Outcomes Without Studies Examining the Effects of Background Checks
Chapter Three References
CHAPTER FOUR: Bans on the Sale of Assault Weapons and High-Capacity Magazines
State Implementation of Assault Weapon Bans
Effects on Violent Crime
Effects on Mass Shootings
Effects on the Gun Industry
Outcomes Without Studies Examining the Effects of Assault Weapon Bans
Chapter Four References
CHAPTER FIVE: Stand-Your-Ground Laws
State Implementation of Stand-Your-Ground Laws
Effects on Suicide
Effects on Violent Crime
Effects on Defensive Gun Use
Outcomes Without Studies Examining the Effects of Stand-Your-Ground Laws
Chapter Five References
CHAPTER SIX: Prohibitions Associated with Mental Illness
State Implementation of Prohibitions Associated with Mental Illness
Effects on Suicide
Effects on Violent Crime
Outcomes Without Studies Examining the Effects of Prohibitions Associated with Mental Illness
Chapter Six References
CHAPTER SEVEN: Lost or Stolen Firearm Reporting Requirements
State Implementation of Lost or Stolen Firearm Reporting Requirements
Outcomes Without Studies Examining the Effects of Lost or Stolen Firearm Reporting Requirements
Chapter Seven References
CHAPTER EIGHT: Licensing and Permitting Requirements
State Implementation of Licensing and Permitting Requirements
Effects on Suicide
Effects on Violent Crime
Effects on Mass Shootings
Outcomes Without Studies Examining the Effects of Licensing and Permitting Requirements
Chapter Eight References
CHAPTER NINE: Firearm Sales Reporting and Recording Requirements
State Implementation of Firearm Sales Reporting and Recording Requirements
Outcomes Without Studies Examining the Effects of Firearm Sales Reporting and Recording Requirements
Chapter Nine References
CHAPTER TEN: Child-Access Prevention Laws
State Implementation of Child-Access Prevention Laws
Effects on Suicide
Effects on Violent Crime
Effects on Unintentional Injuries and Deaths
Effects on Mass Shootings
Outcomes Without Studies Examining the Effects of Child-Access Prevention Laws
Chapter Ten References
CHAPTER ELEVEN: Surrender of Firearms by Prohibited Possessors
State Implementation of Firearm-Surrender Laws
Effects on Violent Crime
Outcomes Without Studies Examining the Effects of Firearm-Surrender Laws
Chapter Eleven References
CHAPTER TWELVE: Minimum Age Requirements
State Implementation of Minimum Age Requirements
Effects on Suicide
Effects on Violent Crime
Effects on Unintentional Injuries and Deaths
Effects on Mass Shootings
Outcomes Without Studies Examining the Effects of Minimum Age Requirements
Chapter Twelve References
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Concealed-Carry Laws
State Implementation of Concealed-Carry Laws
Effects on Suicide
Effects on Violent Crime
Effects on Unintentional Injuries and Deaths
Effects on Mass Shootings
Effects on the Gun Industry
Outcomes Without Studies Examining the Effects of Concealed-Carry Laws
Chapter Thirteen References
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Waiting Periods
Effects on Suicide
Effects on Violent Crime
Effects on Mass Shootings
Outcomes Without Studies Examining the Effects of Waiting Periods
Chapter Fourteen References
CHAPTER FIFTEEN: Gun-Free Zones
State Implementation of Gun-Free Zones
Outcomes Without Studies Examining the Effects of Gun-Free Zones
Chapter Fifteen References
Part C: Supplementary Essays on Gun Policy Mechanisms and Context
Methods
Individual Access to Firearms
Regional Availability of Firearms
Conclusions
Chapter Sixteen References
Methods
Firearm Prevalence and Violent Crime
Conclusions
Chapter Seventeen References
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: Firearm and Ammunition Taxes
Conclusions
Chapter Eighteen References
Availability of Health Care and Mental Health Services
Use of Health and Mental Health Services
Barriers to Mental Health Care
International and Cross-National Studies
Conclusions
Chapter Nineteen References
Evidence on Safe Storage
Education Campaigns
Conclusions
Chapter Twenty References
The Policy Defined
Research Synthesis Findings
Conclusions
Chapter Twenty-One References
What Is a Mass Shooting?
Are Mass Shootings on the Rise?
Conclusions
Chapter Twenty-Two References
CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE: Defensive Gun Use
What Is Defensive Gun Use?
What Are the Challenges in Measuring Defensive Gun Use?
Does Defensive Gun Use Reduce Harm?
Chapter Twenty-Three References
CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR: The Effects of the 1996 National Firearms Agreement in Australia on Suicide, Violent Crime, and Mass Shootings
Methods
Research Synthesis Findings
Conclusions
Chapter Twenty-Four References
Part D: Summary of Findings and Recommendations
CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE: Summary and Conclusions
Summarizing the Strength of Evidence
What Can We Conclude About the Effects of Gun Policies?
Why Don’t We Know More?
Chapter Twenty-Five References
APPENDIXES
A. Methodological Challenges to Identifying the Effects of Gun Policies
B. Source Data Used to Produce the Forest Plot Figures
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