Contents
Preface by Dael Wolfle
Introduction: An Interview by Members of the Commission
Chapter 1. Summary of Manpower Problems and Issues Facing the Nation
The Current Status of Research on Specialized Manpower
The Changing Pattern of Supply and Demand for Educated Persons
Feedback into Education-Changes in the Demands for Teachers
Supply-Demand Balance in Other Selected Professions
Planning Career Shifts
The Flow of Students Through College
The Mobility of Professional Manpower
Criteria of Effective Professional Performance in the Sciences
Professional Careers for Women
Socioeconomic Background and College Completion
Conclusion
Section I.
Chapter 2. The Market for College Graduates
Estimating the Supply of College-Educated Manpower
Estimating the Demand for College-Educated Manpower
The Overall Picture to 1980
The Bureau of Labor Statistics Model
The Need for College Graduates to Achieve National Goals
Educational Improvement of the Occupational Structure
Summary and Discussion
Chapter 3. The Supply and Demand for Graduates in the Arts and Sciences
The Growth in the Supply of Arts and Science Graduates
The Demand for College Teachers
The Demand in Research and Development Activities
Summary
Chapter 4. Manpower Supply and Demand in Selected Professions
Law
Medicine
Engineering
Elementary and Secondary School Teaching
The Social Welfare Occupations
Nursing
The Performing Arts
Summary
Section II
Chapter 5. The Flow of Students Through the Educational System
Entry into College
Patterns of College Attendance
Graduate School Attendance
Summary
Chapter 6. Career Plans of High School and College Students
Stability and Change in Career Choice
Trends in Career Plans
Personal and Environmental Determinants of Career Outcomes
Summary and Conclusions
Chapter 7. The Mobility of High-Level Manpower
Geographic Mobility and Regional Gain and Loss of Educated Persons
What is Regional "Gain" or "Loss"?
A Migration Paradigm
Migration Patterns and Educational Quality of Doctoral Training
Regional Gain and Loss Through Migration
Changes in Career Field After the Baccalaureate Degree
The Occupational Mobility of College Graduates
Changes in Job Setting
The Employment of Postdoctoral Fellowship Recipients
Summary and Conclusions
Chapter 8. Determinants of Professional Achievements and Rewards Among Scientists
Criterion Measures of Scientific Productivity
Background Factors Affecting Citation Frequency
Occupational Factors Affecting Citation Frequency
Summary of Determinants of Scientific Productivity
Determinants of Professional Income
Summary of Determinants of Professional Income
Section III
Chapter 9. The Educational and Vocational Development of Women
Factors Affecting the Education of Women
The Career Plans of Women
Labor Force Participation of Women Doctorate Recipients
Employment Conditions of Women Doctorate Recipients
The Scientific and Scholarly Productivity of Women Doctorate Recipients
Barriers to the Career Development of Women Doctorate Recipients
Women Doctorate Recipients as Compared with Other Groups of Women
Summary and Conclusions
Chapter 10. Talent Development Among Low Socioeconomic Groups
Socioeconomic Status and Measured Ability
Socioeconomic Status and College Attendance
Socioeconomic Status and Educational Progress
Summary and Conclusions
Chapter 11. The Effect of International Interchange of High-Level Manpower on the United States
Immigration of High-Level Manpower
Foreign Student Inflow
U.S. Students Abroad
The U.S. "Brain Gain"
Estimated Costs and Benefits of International Student Exchange
Manpower Gains Through the Second Generation
Summary and Discussion
Section IV
Chapter 12. Manpower Planning and Manpower Market Operations
Adjustments in the Educational System
The Labor Reserve
Changing the Age of Retirement
Entry Standards and Quality Substitution
Using Subprofessional Personnel to Expand Professional Services
Geographic and Occupational Mobility
The Effectiveness of Manpower Planning
Chapter 13. Research Needed on Talented Manpower
Research on the Quality of Human Resources
Research on the Development of New Specialties and Subprofessional Roles
Research on the Processes of Occupational Choice and Educational Effects
Research on the Development of Human Resources Investment Models
Summary and Conclusions
Appendices
Appendix A: Projections of Enrollments and Degrees
Appendix B: Studies Utilizing the Project TALENT Data Files
Appendix C: Career Plan Studies
Appendix D: The National Register-Doctoral Files Collated Data Tape and Estimated Coverage of the National Register
Appendix E: Sample and Procedures of Analysis in the Survey of Women Doctorate Recipients
Publications That Resulted from the Commission Staff Efforts
Tables and Figures
Index