Preface
Acknowledgments
1. The Background to Black Power
Imbalances and Injustices Against African-Americans • Theories About Why Inequality Persists • The Context of Black Protest
2. Black Nationalist Thought in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
The Colonization Movement: A Profile • Reactions to and Criticisms of Colonization • The Ideology of the Colonization Movement • The Tactics of the Pan-Negro Nationalists • Pan-Negro Nationalism and Beyond
3. The Abolitionist Movement
Early Abolitionism, 1645 to 1807 • Abolitionism from 1807 to 1870 • The Ideology of the Abolitionist Movement • Frederick Douglass: A Profile • The Political Thought of Frederick Douglass • The Tactics of the Abolitionists • Abolitionism and Beyond
4. The Politics of Accommodation
Booker T. Washington: A Profile • Booker T. Washington’s Philosophy of Education • The Social and Political Thought of Booker T. Washington • The Tactics of Booker T. Washington • Opposition to Booker T. Washington
5. Marcus Garvey and the Resurgence of Black Nationalism
Racial Equality by Integration: A Survey • Garvey’s Early Career • Garvey’s Later Career and the Garvey Movement • The Political Thought of Garvey • Garvey’s Organization and Tactics • Minor Expressions of Black Nationalism
6. Martin Luther King and Moralism
The Moralist Approach: A Profile • King’s Background and Intellectual Influences • King’s Philosophy of Nonviolence • The Political Thought of King • King’s Tactics • King and the Black Power Challenge
7. What Is Black Power?
The Range of Usages of the Term Black Power • Reshaping the Categories of Black Power • Commonalities in the Usage of Black Power • Martin Luther King, Jr., and Black Power
8. The Counter-Communalists: A Comparison and Analysis
Huey Newton’s Background and Intellectual Influences • The Political Thought of Huey Newton • Huey Newton and the Tactics of Counter-Communalism • Other Counter-Communalists on Tactics
9. The Black Power Pluralists: A Comparison and Analysis
Shirley Chisholm’s Background and Intellectual Influences • The Political Thought of Shirley Chisholm • Other Pluralists on the American System • Shirley Chisholm on the Obstacles to True Pluralism in the United States • Other Pluralists on the Obstacles to Democracy • Shirley Chisholm and the Case for Black Power Pluralism • Other Pluralist Visions of the Good Society • The Tactics of Pluralism
10. The Black Power Separatists: A Comparison and Analysis
Elijah Muhammad’s Background and Career • The Political Theology of Elijah Muhammad • Elements of Elijah Muhammad’s Political Theory • The Tactics of Separatism: The Black Muslims • Other Separatists on Tactics: Imamu Baraka and Imari Obadele I
11. A Critical Assessment of the Black Power Ideologies
The Paradoxes in the Goals of the Black Power Ideologies • Malcolm X and the Dilemmas of Black Power • The Life of Malcolm X and Its Meaning for the Black Power Movement • Black Power and Individualism • Black Power and the Intellectual • Permanent Contributions of the Black Power Ideologies
Notes
Bibliography
Index