Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Book One: Before Columbus and After, 1400?1820
Aboriginal Beginnings: The Areyto
Gonzalo Fern ndez de Oviedo y Vald¿s (1478?1557)
. . . [O]f the areytos and dances with singing, and their form of preserving the memory of past events which they wish recalled by their descendents and their people (1535)
The Colonial Crucible, 1508?1820
Conquistadors, Tropical Spaniards, Mimic Men, Proto-Creoles
Juan de Castellanos (1522?1607)
Elegy the Sixth (1589)
Fray Dami n López de Haro (1581?1648)
Puerto Rico (1644)
Anonymous
[Riposte] (1644)
Francisco de Ayerra Santa María (1630?1708)
Sonnet upon Her Death to Sor Juana In¿s de la Cruz (1691)
Juan Rodríguez Calderón (1775?1839+)
To the Blessed and Beautiful Island of San Juan de Puerto Rico: A Canto (1816)
Miguel Cabrera (Dates Unknown)
The Jíbaro?s Verses (1820)
Vox Populi
Coplas I
D¿cimas I
Bombas
Songs
Coplas II
D¿cimas II
Book Two: The Creole Matrix: Notions of Nation, 1821?1950s
Emergence to Intervention, 1821?1898
María Bibiana Benítez (1783?1875)
The Nymph of Puerto Rico to Justice (1832)
Alejandrina Benítez (1819?1879)
To My Lamp (1846)
The Submarine Cable in Puerto Rico (1870)
Santiago Vidarte (1827?1848)
Insomnia (1846)
Manuel A. Alonso (1822?1889)
The Puerto Rican (1849)
A Jíbaro Wedding (1849)
Jos¿ Gualberto Padilla (1829?1896)
To a Palacio, a Caribe: Reply to Manuel del Palacio (1868)
Paraphrasis of the Sonnet ?Puerto Rico? by Manuel del Palacio
(1869)
Lola Rodríguez de Tió (1843?1924)
Anthem (1868)
Couplets (1876)
To My Absent Husband (1878)
Self-portrait (1893)
Mist (1893+)
Jos¿ Gautier Benítez (1851?1880)
Puerto Rico (1879)
To My Friends (1880)
Francisco Gonzalo ("Pachín") Marín (1863?1897)
Hope (1898)
The Rag (1898)
Luis Muñoz Rivera (1859?1916)
Nulla Est Redemptio (1889)
XXXIV (1891)
To Any Compatriot (1902)
To Her (1902)
Tradition, Trauma, and Transition
Parnassians, Modernistas, Hispanophiles, Jibaristas
Jos¿ de Jesús Domínguez (1843?1898)
The White Hourie (1886)
Echoes of an Era (1889?)
Trinidad Padilla de Sanz (1864?1958)
The Bath (1926)
Tropical Landscape (1943)
Jos¿ de Diego (1866?1918)
To Spain (1916)
Hallelujahs (1916)
The Last String (1916)
Virgilio D vila (1869?1943)
Creole Venus (1912)
Nostalgia (1916)
The Town (1917)
Luis Llor¿ns Torres (1878?1944)
Song of the Antilles (1913)
Distant Song (1926)
Creole Life (1935)
Collores (1940)
Feminists, Mystics, Negristas, Vanguardistas, and Nationalists
Clara Lair (1895?1973)
New York Nocturns (1928)
Dark Adonis (1937)
Frivolity (1937)
Credo (1950)
Evaristo Ribera Chevremont (1896?1976)
San Juan (1938)
The Symphony of the Hammers (1943)
Plenitude (1943)
My Butterfly of an Antillean Isle (1964)
Luis Pal¿s Matos (1898?1959)
Festive Song to Be Wept (1929)
Prelude in Puerto Rican (1937)
Mulatta Antilles (1937)
The Call (1953)
Jos¿ Isaac de Diego Padró (1899?1974)
Semela and the Satyr (1921)
Epistle to the Pelican in the Park (1957)
Fernando Fortunato Vizcarrondo (1901?1977)
En Yo Gramma, Where She At?
Clemente Soto V¿lez (1905?1993)
Solitude (1937)
The Achieved Emotion (1954)
#18 (1979)
Juan Antonio Corretjer (1908?1985)
Jail Cell (1949)
In Life It?s Always a Going (1957)
The Convoy (1967)
Puerto Rican on the Moon (1980)
Carmen María Colón Pellot (b. 1911)
Motifs of Mulatta Envy (1938)
Song to the Mulatto Race (Making of the Verse) (1938)
The Land Is a Mulatta (1938)
Julia de Burgos (1914?1953)
To Julia de Burgos (1938)
My, Oh My, Oh My of the Nappy-Haired Negress (1938)
Poem for My Death (1954)
Francisco Matos Paoli (1915?2000)
Antisonnet to the Noble Sea (1944)
Biographical Summary (1978)
The Puerto Ricans (1985)
Violeta López Suria (b. 1926)
A Few Stars in My Room (1957)
Litany II with Embedded Sonnet (1961)
Lovingly (1961)
Book Three: Critique, Revolt, and Renewal
Hugo Margenat (1933?1957)
Landscape (1953)
Active Poetics (1955)
God Is Good (1956)
Links (1956)
Iris M. Zavala (b. 1936)
Words Words (1971)
XXI (1973)
The Pelagic Glance (1982)
Rosario Ferr¿ (b. 1938)
Opprobrium (1982)
The Shadow of Guilt (1995)
Language Duel (2001)
The Bones of Conquerors (2002)
Olga Nolla (1938?2001)
A Sentimental Education (1976)
Ariadne, Postmodern, Constructs a Labyrinth (1994)
I Regret Having to Contradict My Elders (1994)
A Poet Doesn?t Know for Certain (1994)
Marcos Rodríguez Frese (b. 1941)
Superavit (1969)
Hymn (1969)
Vital Poetics (1971)
Andr¿s Castro Ríos (b. 1942)
Celebrating Vallejo (19??)
The Crime Was in Grenada (1986)
The Night and Poetry Have Something to Say (1996)
Hjalmar Flax (b. 1942)
Synthesis (1978)
The Lord?s Prayer (1982)
Determinations (1982)
Poetic Injustice (1985)
In Articulo Mortis (2003)
Vicente Rodríguez Nietzsche (b. 1942)
Love Always Begins
Love Spumes Us Up in Its Fluid Cascade
Jorge María Ruscalleda Bercedóniz (b. 1944)
Let Not the Poets Say (1971)
Homicide (1997)
My Mother Is a Seamstress (1997)
Juan de Matta García (b. 1947)
Satiric D¿cima (1990)
Manuel Ramos Otero (1948?1990)
Much as she would not Penelope abides . . . (1985)
I Left Behind the Streets of My Country (1991)
Vigil (1991)
Nobility of Blood (1991)
Jos¿ Luis Vega (b. 1948)
One More (1974)
The Body of Language (1989)
Passion Solo II (1996)
Passion Solo IV (1996)
Luz Ivonne Ochart (b. 1949)
Convalescence (1978)
New York, New York (1980)
Walking Down the Streets Listening to Boleros, Boleros, and Boleros (1981)
Vanessa Droz (b. 1952)
The Sixth Glass (1982)
To Encircle the Fire (1982)
Love?s Body (1996)
Pedro López Adorno (b. 1954)
Study for an Island Love (1996)
Variation on a Recipe (1996)
Capricho with Salsa Rhythm (1996)
Lilliana Ramos Collado (b. 1954)
Clich¿ Prosem (1981)
Condemned Women (1998)
Euclidiana (1998)
Consequences of Thermodynamics (1998)
Book Four: Of Diasporas, Syncretisms, Border Crossings, and Transnationalizations: An AmerRícan Sancocho
Rosario Morales (b. 1930)
Getting Out Alive (1986)
Africa (1986)
My Revolution (1986)
Jaime Carrero (b. 1931)
Jet neorriqueño/Neo-Rican Jetliner (1964)
Conversación II (1964)
Lamento 0 (1964)
Jack Ag¿eros (b. 1934)
Sonnet for 1950 (1991)
Sonnet for the # 6 (1991)
Psalm for Your Image (1991)
Psalm for the Next Millennium (2002)
Miguel Algarín (b. 1941)
Mongo Affair (1978)
High Wine in Beehive, Guyana (1978)
El Jibarito Moderno (1979)
Nuyorican Angel of Records (1997)
Lydia Cort¿s (b. 1942)
You Must Be in the Potatoes, Because You Look So Good (Second Language Acquisitions) (2002)
Bouillabaisse (2002)
Embouchements (2002)
Pedro Pietri (1944?2004)
Puerto Rican Obituary (1972)
Telephone Booth 905½ (1973)
Traffic Misdirector (1983)
Nighttime Sunshine Mind Game (1994)
Louis Reyes Rivera (b. 1945)
no hole in a punctured poem (1977)
the adverb (1996)
january pigeons (19??)
like Toussaint, so Martí (1996)
Miguel Piñero (1946?1988)
A Lower East Side Poem (1975)
This Is Not the Place Where I Was Born (1985)
The Menudo of a Cuchifrito Love Affair (1985)
Julio Marz n (b. 1946)
Che?s Picture in Ramparts (1978)
The Pure Preposition (1986)
The Translator at the Reception for Latin American Writers (1995)
Arresting Beauty (2003)
Tom, Dick, and Sally (2003)
Alba Ambert (b. 1946)
San Juan Bautista Port, 1852 (2002)
Canticles of Desire (2002)
I Want to Remember (2002)
Felipe Luciano (b. 1947)
Jíbaro, My Pretty Nigger (1968)
The Library (1969)
Maya (1988)
Sandra María Esteves (b. 1948)
Autobiography of a Nuyorican (1990)
Who Is Going to Tell Me? (1990)
Black Notes and ?You Do Something to Me? (1990)
Victor Hern ndez Cruz (b. 1949)
Energy (1968)
You Gotta Have Your Tips on Fire (1973)
Three Songs from the 50s (1976)
Atmospheric Phenomenon: The Art of Hurricanes (1997)
Tato Laviera (b. 1951)
palm tree in spanglish figurines (1979)
tito madera smith (1985)
AmeRícan (1988)
Judith Ortiz Cofer (b. 1952)
The Idea of Islands (1987)
The Latin Deli: An Ars Poetica (1993)
We Are All Carriers (1995)
Latin Women Pray (1995)
Aurora Levins Morales (b. 1954)
Child of the Americas (1986)
Class Poem (1986)
Heart?s Desire (1986)
Martín Espada (b. 1957)
Black Train through the Ancient Empire of Chicago (1982)
Trumpets from the Islands of Their Eviction (1987)
Niggerlips (1990)
The River Will Not Testify (2000)
Naomi Ayala (b. 1964)
Immigrant's Voice (1997)
Abuelo's Garden (1997)
In a World of Few Merengues (1997)
Historical Chronology
Select Bibiliography