Preface
Introduction
Part I: Perspectives on Environmental Problems
1. ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
The Earth as Modified by Human Action (1877) – George Perkins Marsh • A Sand County Almanac (1949) – Aldo Leopold • Fundamentals of Ecology (1959) – Eugene P. Odum • The Diversity of Life (1992) – Edward O. Wilson • The Nonequilibrium Paradigm in Ecology and the Partial Unraveling of Environmental Law (1994) – A. Dan Tarlock
2. ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES
The Economic Theory of a Common-Property Resource: The Fishery (1954) – H. Scott Gordon • The Fisherman’s Problem: Ecology and Law in the California Fisheries, 1850-1980 (1986) – Arthur F. McEvoy • The Problem of Social Cost (1960) – Ronald H. Coase • The Economy of the Earth (1988) – Mark Sagoff • Environmental Faust Succumbs to Temptations of Economic Mephistopheles, or, Value by Any Other Name Is Preference (1989) – Carol M. Rose • The Shadow of the Future: Discount Rates, Later Generations, and the Environment (1993) – Daniel A. Farber and Paul A. Hemmersbaugh
3. ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES
The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis (1967) – Lynn White, Jr. • Ways Not to Think about Plastic Trees: New Foundations for Environmental Law (1974) – Laurence H. Tribe • The Case for Animal Rights (1983) – Tom Regan • Review of Tom Regan, The Case for Animal Rights (1985) – J. Baird Callicott • The Deep Ecological Movement: Some Philosophical Aspects (1986) – Arne Naess
4. ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE
The Threat of Environmental Racism (1993) – Robert D. Bullard • The Poison Poor Children Breathe (1982) – George F. Will • Environmental Equity: A Law and Planning Approach to Environmental Racism (1992) – Robert W. Collin • Locally Undesirable Land Uses in Minority Neighborhoods: Disproportionate Siting or Market Dynamics? (1994) – Vicki Been • Principles of Environmental Justice (1991) – First National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit • The Meaning and Promotion of Environmental Justice (1994) – Richard J. Lazarus
Part II: Environmental Law and Regulatory Policy
5 . ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Nuisance Law and the Industrial Revolution (1974) – Joel Franklin Brenner • Wilderness and the American Mind (1982) – Roderick Nash • A “Gift of God”?: The Public Health Controversy over Leaded Gasoline during the 1920s (1985) – David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz • A Fierce Green Fire (1993) – Philip Shabecoff
6. THE POLITICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION Federal Regulation in Historical Perspective (1986) – Robert L. Rabin • Toward a Theory of Statutory Evolution: The Federalization of Environmental Law (1985) – E. Donald Elliott, Bruce A. Ackerman, and John C. Millian • Politics and Procedure in Environmental Law (1992) – Daniel A. Farber • Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955-1985 (1987) – Samuel P. Hays • The Lesson of the Owl and the Crows: The Role of Deception in the Evolution of the Environmental Statutes (1989) – William H. Rodgers, Jr.
7 . ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION: A STRUCTURAL OVERVIEW
Environmental Regulation: Law, Science, and Policy (1996) – Robert V. Percival, Alan S. Miller, Christopher H. Schroeder, and James P. Leape • Why the Clean Air Act Works Badly (1981) – William F. Pederson, Jr. • Environmental Regulation: Law, Science, and Policy (1996) – Robert V. Percival, Alan S. Miller, Christopher H. Schroeder, and James P. Leape • Rehabilitating Interstate Competition: Rethinking the “Race-to-the-Bottom” Rationale for Federal Environmental Regulation (1992) – Richard L. Revesz • Safety and the Second Best: The Hazards of Public Risk Management in the Courts (1985) – Peter W. Huber • Risk, Courts, and Agencies (1990) – Clayton P. Gillette and James E. Krier
8. ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO REGULATION
Reforming Environmental Law: The Democratic Case for Market Incentives (1988) – Bruce A. Ackerman and Richard B. Stewart • Ideal Versus Real Regulatory Efficiency: Implementation of Uniform Standards and “Fine-Tuning” Regulatory Reforms (1985) – Howard A. Latin • Not So Paradoxical: The Rationale for Technology-Based Regulation (1991) – Sidney A. Shapiro and Thomas O. McGarity • Rethinking Environmental Controls: Management Strategies for Common Resources (1991) – Carol M. Rose • Environmental Policy Tools: A User’s Guide (1995) – Office of Technology Assessment Sustainable America: A New Consensus-Building a New Framework for a New Century (1996) – President’s Council on Sustainable Development
Part III: The Regulatory Process in a Participatory Democracy
9. WHO SPEAKS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT?
The Monkey Wrench Gang (1975) – Edward Abbey • DDT: Scientists, Citizens, and Public Policy (1981) – Thomas R. Dunlap • Defending the Environment: A Strategy for Citizen Action (1971) – Joseph L. Sax • Should Trees Have Standing?-Toward Legal Rights for Natural Objects (1972) – Christopher D. Stone
10. THE REGULATORY PROCESS
Implementing Federal Environmental Policies: The Limits of Aspirational Commands (1978) – James A. Henderson, Jr., and Richard N. Pearson • The Seven Statutory Wonders of U.S. Environmental Law: Origins and Morphology (1994) – William H. Rodgers, Jr. • Regulatory Failure, Administrative Incentives, and the New Clean Air Act (1991) – Howard A. Latin
11. RISK ASSESSMENT AND REGULATORY PRIORITIES
Risk in a Free Society (1984) – William D. Ruckelshaus • The Gospel of Risk Management: Should We Be Converted? (1984) – David Doniger • The Role of the Courts in Risk Management (1986) – Richard B. Stewart • Reclaiming Environmental Law: A Normative Critique of Comparative Risk Analysis (1992) – Donald T. Hornstein
Part IV: Global Environmental Concerns and the Future of Environmental Law
12. INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
International Environmental Policy: Emergence and Dimensions (1990) – Lynton Keith Caldwell • Our Common Future (1987) – World Commission on Environment and Development • Declaration of Principles (1992) – United Nations Conference on Environment and Development • Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement (1991) – Gene M. Grossman and Alan B. Krueger • From Adjustment to Sustainable Development: The Obstacle of Free Trade (1992) – Herman Daly • Sustainable America: A New Consensus-International Leadership (1996) – President’s Council on Sustainable Development
13. THE FUTURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICY
Stopping the Pendulum (1995) – William D. Ruckelshaus • A Moment on the Earth: The Coming Age of Environmental Optimism (1995) – Gregg Easterbrook • A Moment of Truth: Correcting the Scientific Errors in Gregg Easterbrook’s A Moment on the Earth (1995) – Environmental Defense Fund • Earth in the Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit (1992) – Al Gore • Toward a New Environmental Paradigm (1993) – Robert W. Hahn • The Gnat Is Older Than Man: Global Environment and the Human Agenda (1993) – Christopher D. Stone
Contributors
Index