Contents XE "Table of Contents" 
Preface	 ix
1	Introduction 1
1.0	Preliminary Remarks	1
1.1	The Speakers and Their Location	 1
1.2	Kalab_ar_ in _j_ Classification	3
1.3	Kalab_ar_ Literature	3
1.4	Kalab_ar_ Segmental Phonology	5
1.4.1	Vowel System	5
1.4.1.1	ATR Harmony	7
1.4.1.2	Surface Vowel Deletion	9
1.4.1.3	Sequentially Occurring Identical Vowels 11
1.4.2	Consonant System 12
1.4.2.1	Implosive Harmony 13
1.4.2.2	Homorganic Nasal 13
1.5	Syllable Structure and Types 14
1.6	Aspects of Kalab_ar_ Morphology and Syntax 15
1.6.1	Classification of Kalab_ar_ Morphemes 15
1.6.1.1	Lexical Morphemes 15
1.6.1.2	Grammatical Morphemes 16
1.6.2	Basic Word Order 17
1.6.2.1	INFL (IP) Phrase 17
1.6.2.2	Verb Phrase (VP) 18
1.6.2.3	Determiner Phrase (DP) 18
1.6.2.4	Noun Phrase (NP) 20
1.7	Summary	20
2	Lexical Tonology 21
2.0	Introduction 21
2.1	Kalab_ar_ Tone System 21
2.1.1	The Pitch Levels 22
2.1.2	Contour Tones 23
2.1.3	Tone Bearing Units in Kalab_ar_ 23
2.2	Surface Tone Patterns in Morphemes 24
2.2.1	Monosyllabic Items 24
2.2.2	Bisyllabic Items 24
2.2.3	Trisyllabic Items 25
2.2.4	Quadrisyllabic Items 26
2.2.5	Summary of Surface Tone Patterns 28
2.3	The Analysis of Kalab_ar_ Tone	 29
2.3.1	Lexical Phonology 30
2.3.2	Autosegmental Phonology 30
2.3.3	CV Phonology 31
2.3.4	Options for Representing Underlying Tones 31
2.4	Tone Mapping in Kalab_ar_ 33
2.4.1	Tone Mapping in Patterns without Floating Tone 38
2.4.2	Tone Mapping in Patterns with Floating L Tone 44
2.4.2.1	Patterns with Floating L Tone before Final Syllable 44
2.4.2.2	Patterns with Floating L Tone before Penultimate 
		Syllable 47
2.5	Analysis of Tonal Patterns Exclusive to Loanwords 49
2.6	Summary 51
3	Phrasal Tonology 53
3.0	Introduction 53
3.1	Tone Reduction 53
3.2	Tone Phrase Formation 57
3.3	Effects of Morphological Class on Tone Phrases 57
3.3.1	Tone Phrases Determined by TM1 Only 58
3.3.2	Tone Phrases with L Tone Melody 59
3.3.3	Tone Phrases with H Tone Melody 63
3.3.4	Tone Phrases with HL Tone Melody 65
3.3.5	Tone Phrases with HLH Tone Melody 70
3.3.5.1	Non-Intimate Possessive Pronoun + Noun 70
3.3.5.2	Distal Demonstrative + Noun 72
3.4	Tone Processes in Sequences Larger Than Two Items 73
3.4.1	Three and Four-word Sequences with L Tone Melody 73
3.4.2	Three and Four-word Sequences with H Tone Melody 77
3.4.3	Three and Four-word Sequences with HL Tone 
	Melody	81
3.4.4	Three and Four-word Sequences with HL and H 
	Melodies 85
3.5	Summary 90
4	Syntactic Domains of Tone Phrase 93
4.0	Introduction 93
4.1	Syntactic Phrases in which TD Applies 93
4.2	Syntactic Phrases in which TD does not Apply 94
4.3	Tone Deletion Rule (Revised) 96
4.4	Summary 98
5	Conclusions 99
5.0	Introduction 99
5.1	Tone Association 99
5.1.1	Segmental Processes and Tone Association	 100
5.2	Syntax and Phrase Tonology 100
5.3	OCP and Phrase Tonology 101
5.4	Concluding Remarks 101
Appendix 103
References 117




Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication: Kalabari dialect Tone