Georgetown University Press, 2007 Paper: 978-1-58901-166-3 Library of Congress Classification PE1112.T48 2007 Dewey Decimal Classification 425
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | TOC
ABOUT THIS BOOK
Analyzing the Grammar of English offers a descriptive analysis of the indispensable elements of English grammar. Designed to be covered in one semester, this textbook starts from scratch and takes nothing for granted beyond a reading and speaking knowledge of English. Extensively revised to function better in skills-building classes, it includes more interspersed exercises that promptly test what is taught, simplified and clarified explanations, greatly expanded and more diverse activities, and a new glossary of over 200 technical terms.
Analyzing the Grammar of English is the only English grammar to view the sentence as a strictly punctuational construct—anything that begins with a capital letter and ends with a period, a question mark, an exclamation mark, or three dots—rather than a syntactic one, and to load, in consequence, all the necessary syntactic analysis onto the clause and its constituents.
It is also one of the very few English grammars to include—alongside multiple examples of canonical or "standard" language—occasional samples of stigmatized speech to illustrate grammar points.
Students and teachers in courses of English grammatical analysis, English teaching methods, TESOL methods, and developmental English will all benefit from this new edition.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Richard V. Teschner is a professor of languages and linguistics at the University of Texas-El Paso. He is coauthor (with M. Stanley Whitley) of the textbook Pronouncing English: A Stress-Based Approach with CD-ROM.
Eston E. Evans is professor emeritus of ESL and German at Tennessee Tech University.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
List of Figures
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Chapter 1 Utterances, Sentences, Clauses and Phrases
The most important parts of speech
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Pronoun
Determiner, Quantifier, Preposition
Cases
Subject case
Genitive/possessive case
Object case and subject case
Sounds: Phones, phonemes and allophones
Forms: Morphemes and allomorphs
/z/--A highly productive English morpheme
/d/--Another highly productive English morpheme
Problems with /d/
Notes
Chapter 2 Verbs, Tenses, Forms and Functions
Verbs' forms
Regular verbs
Irregular verbs
The nine morphological patterns of irregular verbs
Verb tenses and auxiliary verbs: The non-modal auxiliaries (do, be, have) and the modal auxiliaries
The simple tenses
The importance of the subject
Imperatives, the present tense, and the excluded subject pronoun
The compound tenses: Present and past
The compound tenses: Future and conditional
Verb tenses' meanings and uses
The present tense
The past tense
The future and the conditional tenses
The progressive tenses: Present/past/future/conditional
The perfect tenses: Present/past/future/conditional
Notes
Chapter 3 Basic Structures, Questions, Do-Insertion, Negation, Auxiliaries, Responses, Emphasis, Contraction
The five basic structures
Two different types of questions
Do-insertion
Negation
The role of the first auxiliary (aux)
Non-modal auxiliaries be/do/have can also be used as lexical verbs
Wh-words as subjects vs. wh-words as objects
Selection questions
Declarative questions
Echo questions
Tag questions
Invariant tags
Elliptical responses
Emphasis and emphatic structures
Contractions: A summing up
Contracting not
Non-modal auxiliaries' contractions
Modal auxiliaries' contractions
Notes
Chapter 4 Modals. Prepositional and Particle Verbs. Transitivity and Voice. Conditionality.
Modals and peri-modals
Peri-modals
The meanings of modals and peri-modals
Two-word verbs: Prepositional verbs vs. particle verbs
General comments about prepositional vs. particle verbs
Transitivity: Active voice, passive voice
Intransitive verbs and "voice"
Transitive verbs in superficially intransitive constructions
Normally transitive verbs used intransitively
Real-world use of the English passive: Pragmatic constraints and agent-phrase addition GET passives
Conditionality
Chapter 5 Some Components of the Noun Phrase: Forms and Functions
Person and number
Gender
Case
Expressing possession: Genitives and partitives
Partitive-genitive constructions
Determiners, common/proper nouns and mass/count nouns
Determiners
Articles, definiteness and specificity
Common and proper nouns
Possessives
Mass nouns and count nouns
Mass-to-count shifts
Dual-function nouns: Nouns that are both mass and count
Pronouns
The morphology of personal pronouns
Reflexive pronouns
Reciprocal constructions
Demonstratives
Demonstrative pronouns
Indefinite pronouns
Relative pronouns
Interrogative pronouns
"Pro-words": Pronoun-like words for clauses, phrases, adjectives and adverbs
Notes
Chapter 6 Adjectives and Relative Clauses
Attributive and predicate adjectives: Identification and syntax
The syntax of pre-nominal attributive adjectives
Adjectives and adverbs: The comparative and superlative forms
Changing equatives to comparatives: When to use more and when to use -er
The morphology of superlatives: When to use -est and when to use most
Equatives, comparatives, superlatives: Construction and meaning
Equatives/comparatives/superlatives
Equatives with comparative meanings. Equatives and comparatives with superlative meanings
Relative clauses. Relative pronouns and their antecedents
When to use who and when to use whom
Deleting relative pronouns: Creating gaps and the process of gapping
The twenty types of relative clauses
How to use the example sentences in figure 6.b
The relativization of the possessive determiner whose
Restrictive and non-restrictive (relative) clauses
Relative pronoun clauses with present participles/gerunds and with past participles
Notes
Chapter 7 Adverbs. It, There: Referentials and Non-Referentials. Fronting.
Adverbs
It as referential, it as non-referential
Adverb-referential there, existence-marking non-referential there
Emphasis by peak stressing, sole fronting or cleft fronting
Notes
Chapter 8 Compound Sentences: Coordination, Subordination
Compound sentences
Coordinate sentences
Subordinate sentences
Clausal adverb complements
Clausal object or subject complements
Clausal predicate nominative complements
Clausal noun complements
Clausal adjective complements
Tenseless complements
Infinitives and gerunds as tenseless verb complements
The that-clause
The infinitive complement
Equi deletion
Raising to object
Infinitive complement with equi deletion
Infinitive complement with raising to object
Gerund complement
Gerund complement with equi deletion
Gerund complement with raising to object
Gerund complement with raising to possessive
Purpose complements
Miscellaneous complementation patterns
Summary of all clausal complementation patterns
Glossary of Terms
Index of Topics
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.a. Utterance, sentence, and clause
Figure 1.b. The twelve English vowel phonemes
Figure 1.c. Words exemplifying the English vowel phonemes' sounds
Figure 1.d. Correlation of stress and schwa
Figure 1.e. Voiceless and voiced consonant pairs
Figure 1.f. The twenty-four English consonant phonemes
Figure 2.a. The fourteen active-voice compound (and the two simple) verb tenses
Figure 3.a. Presence of do-insertion
Figure 3.b. Absence of do-insertion
Figure 3.c. Tag questions: The tree
Figure 3.d. Tag questions: The outline
Figure 3.e. Tag questions: The examples and the explanations
Figure 4.a. The peri-modals
Figure 4.b. The eight modality types and their representative modal verbs
Figure 4.c. Simple and compound tenses in the passive voice
Figure 4.d. The syntax of GET passives and BE passives
Figure 4.e. The various types of conditionality
Figure 5.a. Grammatical gender: English compared with Spanish
Figure 5.b. Gender marking and the English personal pronoun system
Figure 5.c. Genitive vs. partitive in expressions of possession
Figure 5.d. The mass noun/count noun distinction: Potential environments
Figure 5.e. The English personal pronoun system
Figure 5.f. The English demonstratives
Figure 6.a. The ordering of pre-nominal attributive adjectives
Figure 6.b. The twenty types of relative clauses
Figure 7.a. Different ways of expressing emphasis
Figure 8.a. The structure of a coordinate sentence
Figure 8.b. The structure of a subordinate sentence
Figure 8.c. The structure of a multiple complementing with that-clauses
Figure 8.d. The structure of an equi deletion
Figure 8.e. Equi-deletion complements in the passive voice
Figure 8.f. Infinitive complement with raising to object
Figure 8.g. Commonly-used matrix verbs and the complementation patterns they co-occur with
Georgetown University Press, 2007 Paper: 978-1-58901-166-3
Analyzing the Grammar of English offers a descriptive analysis of the indispensable elements of English grammar. Designed to be covered in one semester, this textbook starts from scratch and takes nothing for granted beyond a reading and speaking knowledge of English. Extensively revised to function better in skills-building classes, it includes more interspersed exercises that promptly test what is taught, simplified and clarified explanations, greatly expanded and more diverse activities, and a new glossary of over 200 technical terms.
Analyzing the Grammar of English is the only English grammar to view the sentence as a strictly punctuational construct—anything that begins with a capital letter and ends with a period, a question mark, an exclamation mark, or three dots—rather than a syntactic one, and to load, in consequence, all the necessary syntactic analysis onto the clause and its constituents.
It is also one of the very few English grammars to include—alongside multiple examples of canonical or "standard" language—occasional samples of stigmatized speech to illustrate grammar points.
Students and teachers in courses of English grammatical analysis, English teaching methods, TESOL methods, and developmental English will all benefit from this new edition.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Richard V. Teschner is a professor of languages and linguistics at the University of Texas-El Paso. He is coauthor (with M. Stanley Whitley) of the textbook Pronouncing English: A Stress-Based Approach with CD-ROM.
Eston E. Evans is professor emeritus of ESL and German at Tennessee Tech University.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
List of Figures
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Chapter 1 Utterances, Sentences, Clauses and Phrases
The most important parts of speech
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Pronoun
Determiner, Quantifier, Preposition
Cases
Subject case
Genitive/possessive case
Object case and subject case
Sounds: Phones, phonemes and allophones
Forms: Morphemes and allomorphs
/z/--A highly productive English morpheme
/d/--Another highly productive English morpheme
Problems with /d/
Notes
Chapter 2 Verbs, Tenses, Forms and Functions
Verbs' forms
Regular verbs
Irregular verbs
The nine morphological patterns of irregular verbs
Verb tenses and auxiliary verbs: The non-modal auxiliaries (do, be, have) and the modal auxiliaries
The simple tenses
The importance of the subject
Imperatives, the present tense, and the excluded subject pronoun
The compound tenses: Present and past
The compound tenses: Future and conditional
Verb tenses' meanings and uses
The present tense
The past tense
The future and the conditional tenses
The progressive tenses: Present/past/future/conditional
The perfect tenses: Present/past/future/conditional
Notes
Chapter 3 Basic Structures, Questions, Do-Insertion, Negation, Auxiliaries, Responses, Emphasis, Contraction
The five basic structures
Two different types of questions
Do-insertion
Negation
The role of the first auxiliary (aux)
Non-modal auxiliaries be/do/have can also be used as lexical verbs
Wh-words as subjects vs. wh-words as objects
Selection questions
Declarative questions
Echo questions
Tag questions
Invariant tags
Elliptical responses
Emphasis and emphatic structures
Contractions: A summing up
Contracting not
Non-modal auxiliaries' contractions
Modal auxiliaries' contractions
Notes
Chapter 4 Modals. Prepositional and Particle Verbs. Transitivity and Voice. Conditionality.
Modals and peri-modals
Peri-modals
The meanings of modals and peri-modals
Two-word verbs: Prepositional verbs vs. particle verbs
General comments about prepositional vs. particle verbs
Transitivity: Active voice, passive voice
Intransitive verbs and "voice"
Transitive verbs in superficially intransitive constructions
Normally transitive verbs used intransitively
Real-world use of the English passive: Pragmatic constraints and agent-phrase addition GET passives
Conditionality
Chapter 5 Some Components of the Noun Phrase: Forms and Functions
Person and number
Gender
Case
Expressing possession: Genitives and partitives
Partitive-genitive constructions
Determiners, common/proper nouns and mass/count nouns
Determiners
Articles, definiteness and specificity
Common and proper nouns
Possessives
Mass nouns and count nouns
Mass-to-count shifts
Dual-function nouns: Nouns that are both mass and count
Pronouns
The morphology of personal pronouns
Reflexive pronouns
Reciprocal constructions
Demonstratives
Demonstrative pronouns
Indefinite pronouns
Relative pronouns
Interrogative pronouns
"Pro-words": Pronoun-like words for clauses, phrases, adjectives and adverbs
Notes
Chapter 6 Adjectives and Relative Clauses
Attributive and predicate adjectives: Identification and syntax
The syntax of pre-nominal attributive adjectives
Adjectives and adverbs: The comparative and superlative forms
Changing equatives to comparatives: When to use more and when to use -er
The morphology of superlatives: When to use -est and when to use most
Equatives, comparatives, superlatives: Construction and meaning
Equatives/comparatives/superlatives
Equatives with comparative meanings. Equatives and comparatives with superlative meanings
Relative clauses. Relative pronouns and their antecedents
When to use who and when to use whom
Deleting relative pronouns: Creating gaps and the process of gapping
The twenty types of relative clauses
How to use the example sentences in figure 6.b
The relativization of the possessive determiner whose
Restrictive and non-restrictive (relative) clauses
Relative pronoun clauses with present participles/gerunds and with past participles
Notes
Chapter 7 Adverbs. It, There: Referentials and Non-Referentials. Fronting.
Adverbs
It as referential, it as non-referential
Adverb-referential there, existence-marking non-referential there
Emphasis by peak stressing, sole fronting or cleft fronting
Notes
Chapter 8 Compound Sentences: Coordination, Subordination
Compound sentences
Coordinate sentences
Subordinate sentences
Clausal adverb complements
Clausal object or subject complements
Clausal predicate nominative complements
Clausal noun complements
Clausal adjective complements
Tenseless complements
Infinitives and gerunds as tenseless verb complements
The that-clause
The infinitive complement
Equi deletion
Raising to object
Infinitive complement with equi deletion
Infinitive complement with raising to object
Gerund complement
Gerund complement with equi deletion
Gerund complement with raising to object
Gerund complement with raising to possessive
Purpose complements
Miscellaneous complementation patterns
Summary of all clausal complementation patterns
Glossary of Terms
Index of Topics
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.a. Utterance, sentence, and clause
Figure 1.b. The twelve English vowel phonemes
Figure 1.c. Words exemplifying the English vowel phonemes' sounds
Figure 1.d. Correlation of stress and schwa
Figure 1.e. Voiceless and voiced consonant pairs
Figure 1.f. The twenty-four English consonant phonemes
Figure 2.a. The fourteen active-voice compound (and the two simple) verb tenses
Figure 3.a. Presence of do-insertion
Figure 3.b. Absence of do-insertion
Figure 3.c. Tag questions: The tree
Figure 3.d. Tag questions: The outline
Figure 3.e. Tag questions: The examples and the explanations
Figure 4.a. The peri-modals
Figure 4.b. The eight modality types and their representative modal verbs
Figure 4.c. Simple and compound tenses in the passive voice
Figure 4.d. The syntax of GET passives and BE passives
Figure 4.e. The various types of conditionality
Figure 5.a. Grammatical gender: English compared with Spanish
Figure 5.b. Gender marking and the English personal pronoun system
Figure 5.c. Genitive vs. partitive in expressions of possession
Figure 5.d. The mass noun/count noun distinction: Potential environments
Figure 5.e. The English personal pronoun system
Figure 5.f. The English demonstratives
Figure 6.a. The ordering of pre-nominal attributive adjectives
Figure 6.b. The twenty types of relative clauses
Figure 7.a. Different ways of expressing emphasis
Figure 8.a. The structure of a coordinate sentence
Figure 8.b. The structure of a subordinate sentence
Figure 8.c. The structure of a multiple complementing with that-clauses
Figure 8.d. The structure of an equi deletion
Figure 8.e. Equi-deletion complements in the passive voice
Figure 8.f. Infinitive complement with raising to object
Figure 8.g. Commonly-used matrix verbs and the complementation patterns they co-occur with
