Contents
Preface
Part I. Psychological Aspects of Career Choice and Development in the Research Scientist / Bernice T. Eiduson
Introduction
Part II. Variables Influencing Career Choice in Science
Introduction
Birth Order and Potential Scientific Creativity / Lois-ellin Datta
Sibling Configurations of Scientistis / S. Stewart West
Biographical Predictors of Scientific Performance / Calvin W. Taylor and Robert L. Ellison
Scientsts and Nonscientists in a Group of 800 Gifted Men / Lewis M. Terman
Introduction
Class Origin of Scientsts / S. Stewart West
Social Class and Initial Career Choice of College Freshmen / Charles E. Werts
Some Trends in the Social Origins of American Sociologists / Norval D. Glenn and David Weiner
Family Religious Background and Early Scientific Creativity / Lois-ellin Datta
Parental Attitudes of Mothers of Intelligent Adolescents and Creativity of Their Children / Robert C. Nichols
Introduction
A Multiple Discriminant Analysis of High School Background Data for the Doctorates of 1958 / Lindsey R. Harmon
Undergraduate Origins of American Scientists / John L. Holland
Background and Early Training of Psychologists / K. E. Clark
Undergraduate Institutions and the Production of Scientists / Alexander W. Astin
Introduction
Intelligence and Creativity / Donald W. MacKinnon and Wallace B. Hall
Factors of Importance for Creativity / John E. Drevdahl
Perceptual Organization in a Study of Creativity / Morris I. Stein and Bernard Meer
A Study of Imagery in Research Scientists / Anne Roe
Introduction
A Comparison of the Personality Profile (16 P.F.) of Eminent Researchers with That of Eminent Teachers and Administrators, and of the General Population / R. B. Cattell and J. E. Drevdahl
Personality Factors Related to Creativity in Young Scientists / Dorothy Semenow Garwood
On the Psychodynamics of the Creative Physical Scientists / David C. McCelland
The Scientists' Personalities / Bernice T. Eiduson
Explorations in Typology / Morris I. Stein
Part III. Mechanism of Career Choice
Introduction
Early Determinants of Vocational Choice / Anne Roe
Perceived Parental Attitudes and Parental Identification in Relation to Field of Vocational Choice / Richard J. Brunkan
An Articulated Framework for Vocational Development / Edward S. Bordin, Barbara Nachmann, and Stanley J. Segal
Psychoanalysis and Scientific Creativity, with Special Reference to Regression in the Service of the Ego / Marshall Bush
A Theory of Vocational Development / Donald E. Super
The Occupational Role of the Child: A Research Frontier in the Developmental Conceptual Framework / Roy H. Rodgers
Introduction
Personality Characterisitcs which Differentiate Creative Male Adolescents and Adults / Morris B. Parloff, Lois-ellin Datta, Marianne Kleman, and Joseph H. Handlon
Development of a Scientist Patterns of Interest in Boys / Leona E. Tyler
Development of a Realistic Vocational Choice / John W. Hollender
Explorations of a Theory of Vocational Choice, Part IV: Vocational Daydreams / John L. Holland
Persistence of Vocational Choice of the Merit Scholarship Winners / Aubrey L. Forrest
Career Changes in College / Charles E. Werts
Introduction
Image of the Scientist among High-School Students / Margaret Mead and Rhoda Metraux
The College-Student Image of the Scientist / David C. Beardslee and Donald D. O'Dowd
College Student Stereotypes of the Personality Traits of Research Scientists / A. W. Bendig and Peter T. Hountras
Stereotypes of the Scientist as Seen with the Gordon Personal Profile and Gordon Personal Inventory / John R. Braun
Science as a Vocational Preference among Junior High School Pupils / Stanley Krippner
Part IV. Psychological Aspects of Professional Role Behaviors
Introduction
Relating Personality and Biographical Factors to Scientific Creativity / J. A. Chambers
Prediction of College Majors by Personality Tests / Marcel L. Goldschmid
A Psychological Study Eminent Psychologists and Anthropologists, and a Comparison with Biological and Physical Scientists / Anne Roe
Personality Developement and Vocational Choice of Clinical Psychologists and Physicists / M. David Galinsky
Vocational Interests of Sociologists / Jack E. Rossman, Orville Lips, and David P. Campbell
Introduction
Scientific Performance as Related to Time Spent on Technical Work, Teaching, or Adminstration / Frank M. Andrews
Patterns of Mobility of New Ph.D.'s among American Academic Institutions / Lowell L. Hargens
Social Structure in a Group of Scientists: A Test of the "Invisible College" Hypothesis / Diana Crane
Stylistic Variations among Progessional Research Scientists / Harrison G. Gough and Donald G. Woodwoeth
The Ideology of Academic Scientists / S. S. West
The Federal Scientist-Administrator / Eugene S. Uyeki and Frank B. Cliffe, Jr.
Scientists as Advisors and Consultants in Washington / Bernice T. Eiduson
Introduction
Productivity among American Psychologists / Wayne Dennis
Toward Earlier Creativity in Psychology / S. L. Pressey
The Psychologist's Most Creative Years / Harvey C. Lehman
Age and Productivity among Scientists / Wayne Dennis
The Productivity of Sociologists at 45 American Universities / Norval D. Glenn and Wayne Villemez
Changes in Scientific Activities with Age / Anne Roe
Mature Research Institutions and the Older Scientist / Leslie G. Cook and George W. Hazzard
Introduction
Traits of Eminent American Psychologists / Lauren G. Wispe
Professional Standing and the Reception of Scientific Discoveries / Stephen Cole
Nobel Laureates in Science: Patterns of Productivity, Collaboration, and Authorship / Harriet Zuckerman
Scientists at Major and Minor Universities: A Study of Productivity and Recognition / Diane Crane
Eminence, Productivity, and Power of Sociologists in Various Regions / Murray A. Straus and David J. Radel
Introduction
The Negro Psychologist in America / Lauren Wispe, Philip Ash, Jospeh Awkard, Leslie H. Hicks, Marvin Hoffman, and Janice Porter
Personality Profiles of Gifted Women: Psychologists / Louise M. Bachtold and Emmy E. Werner
Women Mathematicians and the Creative Personality / Ravenna Helson
Psychological and Social Barriers to Women in Science / Martha S. White
Minority Status and the Pursuit of Professional Careers: Women in Science and Engineering / Carolyn Cummings Perrucci
Part V. Role Conflicts and Alternative Roles
Introduction
Social Control in Science / W. O. Hagstrom
Behavior Patterns of Scientists / Robert K. Merton
The Competitive World of the Pure Scientist / Fred Reif
Comparative Failure Science / Barney G. Galser
The Impact of Rapid Discovery Upon the Scientist's Career / Fred Reif and Anselm Strauss
Introduction
Creative Tensions in the Research and Development Climate / Donald C. Pelz
Creative Ability, the Laboratory Environment, and Scientific Performance / Frank M. Andrews
Freedom, Visibility of Consequence, and Scientific Innovation / Gerald Gordon and Sue Marquis
The Local-Cosmopolitan Scientist / Barney G. Glaser
Introduction
The Scientific Life Style / Bernic T. Eiduson
Lifetime Worry Patterns of American Psychologists / Willard A. Kerr, Harry L. Newman, and Alfred R. Sadewic
Academic Discipline as Predictive of Faculty Religiosity / Edward C. Lehman, Jr. and Donald W. Shriver, Jr.
Political Orientations of Academically Affliated Sociologists / Henry A. Turner, Charles B. Spaulding, and Charles G. McClintock
American University Teachers and Opposition to the Vietnam War / Everett Carll Ladd
Name Index
Subject Index