Preface • List of Abbreviations • Introduction • CHAPTER 1. CREATING COMMUNITY: THE AMERICAN JEWISH EXPERIENCE DURING THE COLONIAL PERIOD, 1654–1776 • BEGINNINGS • Rabbi Isaac Aboab de Fonseca, Recife, Brazil, n.d. • Recife, Brazil, by Zacharias Wagenaer, n.d. • Peter Stuyvesant, Manhattan, to the Amsterdam Chamber of Directors, September 22, 1654 • Amsterdam Jewry’s Successful Intercession for the Jewish Immigrants, January 1655 • Extract from Reply by the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company to Stuyvesant’s Letter, April 26, 1655 • Moses Lopez Becomes a Naturalized Citizen, 1741 • Barnard Gratz to Michael Gratz, Giving Advice on Immigrating to Philadelphia, November 20, 1758 • GOVERNMENT, POLITICS, AND CIVIC STATUS • Description by a Non-Jew of the Jews of New York City, November 2, 1748 • Why the Court Refused to Naturalize Aaron Lopez, Superior Court of Rhode Island, Newport, SS. March Term, 1762 • BUSINESS AND LABOR • Petition from Abraham Haim DeLucena and Justus Bosch to Governor Robert Hunter, Requesting Permission to Ship Provisions to Jamaica, June 3, 1713 • Newspaper Business Advertisement against Emanuel Abrams, by Allan Melville, October 21, 1754 • Reply Advertisement by Emanuel Abrams against Alan Melville, 1754 • Isaac Elizer and Samuel Moses to Captain John Peck, Giving Instructions for a Journey to Purchase Slaves, October 29, 1762 • RELIGION • Touro Synagogue, Exterior, n.d. • Touro Synagogue, Interior, Front View, n.d. • Constitution of Shearith Israel, New York, the Oldest Extant Constitution of a North American Jewish Community, September 15, 1728 • The Prosecutor’s Summary of the Evidence from the Trial of Solomon Hays, 1755–1756 • FAMILY LIFE AND PHILANTHROPY • Abigaill Franks, in New York, to Her Son, Heartsey, in London, June 7, 1743 • Meir Josephson to Michael Gratz concerning a Female Domestic, July 25, 1762 • Hannah Paysaddon to Aaron Lopez, Requesting Charity, July 26, 1770 • Congregation Gate of Heaven (London) to American Jews, Requesting Support for the Jews of Hebron, Palestine, May 5, 1773 • CHAPTER 2. FORGING A NATION: THE AMERICAN JEWISH EXPERIENCE DURING THE REVOLUTION AND THE EARLY NATIONAL PERIOD, 1776–1820 • IMMIGRATION AND ADAPTATION • Joseph Salvador to His Cousin Emanuel Mendes da Costa, Describing America, January 22, 1785 • Rebecca Samuel to Her Parents in Hamburg, Germany, Describing Her Experiences in Virginia, January 12, 1791 • GOVERNMENT, POLITICS, AND CIVIC STATUS • Francis Salvador to South Carolina Chief Justice William H. Drayton, Reporting Local Militia Activity against Native Americans and Loyalists, July 18 and 19, 1776 • Maryland Constitution, Articles 33, 35, and 55, Restricting Officeholders to Christians, November 11, 1776 • New York Constitution, Articles 35, 38, and 39, Making New York the First State to Emancipate Jews, April 20, 1777 • Isaac Touro, a Loyalist, to British General Guy Carleton, Requesting Funds to Relocate to Jamaica, December 12, 1782 • Jonas Phillips, Asking the Constitutional Convention to Emancipate Pennsylvania’s Jews, September 7, 1787 • Address of the Newport Congregation to the President of the United States of America, August 17, 1790 • President George Washington to the Newport Congregation, 1790 • Anonymous Reply to James Rivington’s Antisemitic Preface in The Democrat, December 17, 1795 • Sampson Simson’s Hebrew Oration at Columbia College, 1800 • Isaac Harby to James Monroe on Religious Freedom and the Recall of Mordecai Noah from the U.S. Consulate in Tunis, 1816 • Thomas Jefferson to Mordecai Noah on Religious Tolerance, May 28, 1818 • Thomas Jefferson to Jacob de la Motta, September 1, 1820 • The First Form of the “Jew Bill,” 1819 • J. I. Cohen to E. S. Thomas on the Maryland Jew Bill, 1818 • BUSINESS AND LABOR • Haym Salomon, Business Advertisement, Freeman’s Journal, 1782 • Will of Charleston’s Jacob Jacobs, Which Included Slaves, 1797 • A. H. Cohen to Thomas Jefferson, regarding the Health Benefits of Mineral Water, December 21, 1807 • Reply of Thomas Jefferson to A. H. Cohen, February 10, 1808 • RELIGION • Congregationalist Minister Ezra Stiles to His Friend Rabbi Haim Isaac Carigal, July 7, 1775 • Appeal to the Citizens of Philadelphia for Donations to Save Their Synagogue from Foreclosure, Mikve Israel Congregation, Philadelphia, April 30, 1788 • Hannah Adams, Reporting on Gershom Seixas’s Survey of American Jewry, 1812 • Address by Phillip Milledoler on Evangelizing the Jews, 1817 • FAMILY LIFE • Frances Sheftall to Her Husband, July 20, 1780 • Samuel Jones, Last Will and Testament, Including Information on His African American Slave, Jenny, and Their Son, Emanuel, January 20, 1809 • CHAPTER 3. MIGRATIONS ACROSS AMERICA: JEWS IN THE ANTEBELLUM PERIOD, 1820–1860 • IMMIGRATION AND ADAPTATION • Penina Moïse, Poem, “To Persecuted Foreigners,” 1820 • Charles L. Mailert to August Mailert, on His Reservations about Immigrating to the United States, 1835 • Reasons for Emigration from Bavaria to the United States, Leipziger Zeitung, 1839 • Joseph Jonas to Rev. Isaac Leeser, Describing Life in Ohio, December 25, 1843 • GOVERNMENT, POLITICS, AND CIVIC STATUS • Letter from Jacob Ezekiel to President John Tyler, Arguing That America Is Not a “Christian Nation,” 1841—with Tyler’s Reply • BUSINESS AND LABOR • Lt. Col. Aaron Levy, “On Land Promoting,” 1821 • Abraham Kohn, Reflections of a New England Peddler, ca. 1842–1843 • Henry J. Labatt, Newspaper Article on Jews and Business in the Gold Rush, True Pacific Messenger, 1861 • RELIGION • Memorial to the President and Members of the Adjunta of Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim of Charleston, South Carolina, Demanding Religious Reform, December 23, 1824 • Abraham Rice to Isaac Leeser, regarding Religious Reform, December 15, 1848 • Rosa Mordecai, Memoir Describing Hebrew School Education in Antebellum America, 1850s • Isaac Jalonick to Isaac Leeser on Jewish Life in Texas, May 28, 1853 • I. J. Benjamin, “The Education of Jewish Women in America, 1859–1862” • SOCIAL LIFE • Mordecai Manuel Noah, Address at Ararat, a Proposed Refuge for Jews, 1825 • Review of Harrington, a Fictional Account Describing Intermarriage, 1833 • ANTI-JEWISH ATTITUDES • Newspaper Account, Cohen-Chisolm Duel, July 25, 1827 • Israel B. Kursheedt and Theodore J. Seixas to President Martin Van Buren, on the Damascus Blood Libel, August 24, 1840 • CHAPTER 4. SLAVERY AND FREEDOM: AMERICAN JEWS DURING THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION, 1861–1879 • CHOOSING SIDES • Letter from Alfred Mordecai to His Brother G. W. Mordecai, March 17, 1861 • Private Letter from Alfred Mordecai to Lt. Col. James W. Ripley, on His Resignation from the U.S. Army, May 2, 1861 • “The Jews and Slavery,” by Bernhard Felsenthal, Sinai, July 1862. • Eleanor H. Cohen, Journal Entries Detailing the Author’s Love for Both the North and the South, Champion of the Lost Cause, February 28, 1865 • JEWS AND THE UNION • Abram J. Dittenhoefer, Excerpt regarding Lincoln’s Election, from How We Elected Lincoln?Personal Recollections of Lincoln and Men of His Time, 1860 • Grant’s General Orders Number 11, 1862 • Gen. H. W. Halleck’s Revocation of Grant’s Orders Number 11, January 4, 1863 • Letter from B’nai B’rith Missouri Lodge, Protesting Grant’s Orders Number 11, January 5, 1863 • Isaac M. Wise, “The Revolutionary Object of Extremists,” Editorial Opposing Abolitionism, the Israelite, February 27, 1863 • Myer S. Isaacs to Abraham Lincoln on the Jewish Vote in the 1864 Election, October 26, 1864 • JEWS AND THE CONFEDERACY • Resolution of the Hebrew Congregation in Support of the Confederacy, Shreveport, Louisiana, May 1861 • Eugenia Levy Phillips, Diary Reporting the Author’s Experiences as a Confederate, 1861 • Twenty-Year Bond Issued by the Confederacy in Honor of Judah P. Benjamin, 1861 • Confederate Two-Dollar Bill Showing Judah P. Benjamin, 1864 • Isaac Levy to His Sister, Leonora, Detailing the Celebration of Passover at a Confederate Encampment in Adam’s Run, South Carolina, April 24, 1864 • JEWS AND RECONSTRUCTION • Isaac M. Wise, “On to Richmond,” Describing Conditions in the Reconstruction South, the Israelite, June 28, 1867 • Double Lynching of a Jew and a Negro, the Israelite, August 28, 1868 • Benjamin F. Peixotto, U.S. Consul in Romania, to President Ulysses S. Grant, Denying Accusations “of a Scandalous Character” Leveled against His Person, November 6, 1871 • RELIGION • Morris Raphall, “The Bible View of Slavery: A Discourse,” a Defense of Slavery by a Northern Rabbi, January 4, 1861 • David Einhorn’s Response to Raphall, Offering a Baltimore Rabbi’s Opposition to Slavery, Sinai, 1861 • Petition from American Jews to the U.S. Senate and House, on the Chaplaincy Issue, 1861 or 1862 • Rabbi Kalisch to U.S. Congress, regarding the Chaplaincy Issue, December 9, 1861 • Rev. Arnold Fischel to Mr. Henry I. Hart, President of the Board of Delegates of American Israelites, December 11, 1861 • Isaac Leeser to Abraham Lincoln, Requesting the Commissioning of Jewish Chaplains, August 21, 1862 • Letter from the U.S. Surgeon General Opposing the Commissioning of Jewish Chaplains in Washington, D.C., October 27, 1862 • Excerpt from Isidor Straus’s Memoirs, 1862–1863 • CHAPTER 5. THE GILDED AGE AND PROGRESSIVE ERA: AMERICAN JEWISH LIFE, 1880–1918 • IMMIGRANT LIFE IN THE OLD AND THE NEW COUNTRY • Letter to the Editor, Urging Eastern European Jews Not to Emigrate, Ha-Magid, May 3, 1882 • Abraham Cahan’s Impressions upon Arrival in the United States, “Imaginary America,” 1882 • Emma Lazarus, “The New Colossus,” 1883 • H. L. Sabsovich, “The Woodbine Settlement of the Baron de Hirsch Fund,” Describing the Creation of a Jewish Agricultural Settlement in New Jersey, 1891 • Constitution of the United States and Declaration of Independence; cover, in English and Yiddish, 1892 • Mary Antin, Selection Describing the Author’s Journey to the United States, From Plotzk to Boston, 1899 • Baseball, Forward, August 27, 1909 • Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, Cover of the Jewish Immigrant, January 1909 • Creation of the New York Jewish Federation by the State of New York, May 15, 1917 • GOVERNMENT, POLITICS, AND CIVIC STATUS • Revised Words to Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, Written by HIAS for an Event Honoring the Election of Moses Alexander as Governor of Idaho, 1915 • BUSINESS AND LABOR • Julia Richman, Selection from “New York’s East European Working Women,” 1893 • Morris Winchevsky, “A Socialist Parodies the Ten Commandments,” 1895 • “Women as Wage Earners,” Ordens Echo, 1897 • The Protocol of Peace, Ending the 1910 Cloak Makers’ Strike, New York City, 1910 • Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire, March 1911 • “The Big Stick,” regarding the Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire, April 7, 1911 • Rose Schneiderman, Selection regarding Labor Relations in the Early Twentieth Century and the Shirtwaist Fire, All for One, 1967 • RELIGION • Menu, “Trefa Banquet,” July 11, 1883 • The Pittsburgh Platform, 1885 • The Preamble and Article II of the Constitution of the Jewish Theological Seminary, May 9, 1886 • Ray Frank, “What a Jewish Girl Would Not Do If She Were a Rabbi,” May 23, 1890 • Cyrus Adler, Selection from “A Jewish Renaissance,” the American Hebrew, November 9, 1894 • Principles Adopted by the [Orthodox] Jewish Congregational Union of America, June 8, 1898 • Elkan C. Voorsanger, “Passover Services in France,” Emanu-El, May 3, 1918 • FAMILY LIFE • Martha Thal, Selections from Early Days: The Story of Sarah Thal, on Life in a Pioneer Farmer Family in North Dakota, ca. 1880 • “Bintel Brief,” on Intermarriage, Forward, 1906 • Emma Goldman to Margaret Sanger on Birth Control, December 7, 1915 • “A New Supplication for a Woman Whose Husband Has Deserted Her,” 1916 • ZIONISM • Selection regarding American Zionism from Zvi Hirsch Masliansky’s Memoirs, ca. 1895 • Isaac Mayer Wise’s Rejection of Zionism, Central Conference of American Rabbis, July 6, 1897 • Moses Descending with the Ten Commandments into Yosemite Valley, Congregation Sherith Israel, San Francisco, 1905 • Louis Brandeis, “The Jewish Problem: How to Solve It” (Excerpt), April 25, 1915 • ANTISEMITISM • Simon Wolf, “Kishineff—An Appeal,” Jewish Criterion, May 22, 1903 • “The Mass Meeting,” Pertaining to the Kishinev Pogrom, Jewish Criterion, June 12, 1903 • “Bintel Brief,” Letter from an Immigrant Experiencing Antisemitism, Forward, 1907 • Police Commissioner Theodore A. Bingham, Selection from “Foreign Criminals in New York,” September 1908 • Leo Frank to C. P. Connolly, Discussing the Murder Notes and How These Might Demonstrate His Innocence, March 11, 1915 • Leo Frank, August 1915 • Leo Frank, n.d. • JEWISH AID, RELIEF, AND PHILANTHROPY • Resolution Founding the National Council of Jewish Women, September 7, 1893 • Louis Marshall to Joseph Stolz, Organizing the American Jewish Committee, January 12, 1906 • Jacob Schiff to President Taft on the Mistreatment of Jews in Russia, February 20, 1911 • CHAPTER 6. AMERICAN JEWS BETWEEN THE WORLD WARS, 1918–1941 • GOVERNMENT, POLITICS, AND CIVIC STATUS • Relief Expenditures of Fifty-Two Jewish Family Welfare Agencies, 1929–1935 • Isaac Rubinow, “What Do We Owe Peter Stuyvesant?” 1930 • “New NRA Compliance Director Blends Efficiency and Beauty,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, December 9, 1934 • BUSINESS AND LABOR • Judah L. Magnes, Address Delivered at the Opening Session of the First Jewish Labor Congress, January 16, 1919 • Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, Statement Supporting Organized Labor, September 1, 1919 • Religion • Louis Marshall to Elias A. Cohen, January 25, 1923 • “Yeshiva to Erect Modern College Buildings,” Jewish Tribune, September 26, 1924 • Bernard Revel, “The Vision of Yeshiva College,” 1926 • Conference for the Discussion of the Problem of Judaism, Chicago, February 21– 22, 1928 • Rabbi Israel H. Levinthal to Jacob Rader Marcus on the Rabbinic Training of Helen Hadassah, 1939 • POPULAR CULTURE • Edgar A. Guest, “Speaking of Greenberg,” 1934 • INTERFAITH AND INTERGROUP RELATIONS • Constitution and By-Laws of the Synagogue Council of America, 1926 • The Story of the National Conference of Christians and Jews, 1928 • ZIONISM • Broadside, Zionist Organization of America, Early 1920s • Henrietta Szold, Familiar Letters from Palestine, December 21, 1921 • Statement Acknowledging Increasing Support for Zionism, Central Conference of American Rabbis, June 1935 • Excerpts from the “Guiding Principles of Reform Judaism,” Central Conference of American Rabbis, Forty-Eighth Annual Convention, May 27, 1937, Columbus, Ohio • “Official Declaration of the Rabbinical Assembly,” June 7–9, 1937 • Labor Zionist Handbook, Poale Zion/Zeire Zion of America, 1939 • ANTISEMITISM • Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, “Henry Ford’s Challenge and a Jew’s Reply,” October 10, 1920 • “The Scope of Jewish Dictatorship in the U.S.,” Dearborn Independent, December 11, 1920 • A. Lawrence Lowell to Judge Julian Mack, on Jewish Quotas at Harvard College, March 29, 1922 • “Kaplan” Page in The Lucky Bag Yearbook, United States Naval Academy, 1922 • Letter from West Virginia Senator Howard Sutherland to President Harding, June 1922 • “The Declaration of Independence Addressed the World,” Der Tog, July 4, 1924 • Arthur M. Kaplan, “Are Medical Colleges Unfair to Jewish Students?” Jewish Tribune, August 1, 1930 • “Memorandum on Nazi Activities in the United States,” Non-Sectarian Anti-Nazi League to Champion Human Rights, 1936 • American Nazi Parade, New York City, 1937 • Excerpts from the Speech of Rep. Samuel L. Dickstein, Delivered before the National Convention of the Anti-Nazi League, May 22, 1938 • “Persecution—Jewish and Christian,” Broadcast by Rev. Charles E. Coughlin, November 20, 1938 • Stephen S. Wise, “Coughlinism, Jews and America,” December 4, 1938 • Charles Lindbergh, Des Moines Speech, September 11, 1941 • JEWISH AID, RELIEF, AND PHILANTHROPY • Louis Marshall to President Woodrow Wilson, Requesting Support for European Jews after World War I, August 6, 1919 • President Wilson to Marshall, Rejecting the Request, August 14, 1919 • Report on the Joint Distribution Committee’s Efforts to Purchase Farmland for Russian Jews, Dr. Joseph A. Rosen, 1925 • “$67,000,000 Spent in 40 Countries by the JDC since 1914 to Rebuild Lives and Souls of Stricken Jews,” 1927 • Stephen S. Wise, Addressing a Mass Meeting Held at Madison Square Garden, March 27, 1933 • Abba Hillel Silver to Samuel Wohl, Opposing a Proposal to Bring German-Jewish Children to Palestine, November 26, 1934 • Jewish War Veterans Ladies’ Auxiliaries, “Naziism Is Spreading and So Must Our Boycott Activities,” ca. 1938 • Letter from Abraham Joshua Heschel to Dr. Julian Morgenstern, April 30, 1939 • Letter from Morgenstern to Heschel, July 5, 1939 • CHAPTER 7. WAGING WAR: AMERICAN JEWS, WORLD WAR II, AND THE SHOAH, 1941–1945 • GOVERNMENT, POLITICS, AND CIVIC STATUS • Hitler Poster, “Wanted for Murder,” 1941 • Distribution of Jewish Servicemen by Branches and Activities, 1941–1945 • Irving Berlin, Lyrics, “This Is the Army, Mr. Jones,” 1942 • Passover Observed by Armed Forces, 1943 • Lt. Dick Gottlieb, Affidavit, Recounting His Experience Liberating the Dachau Concentration Camp near Landsberg, Germany, April 1945 • INTERFAITH AND INTERGROUP RELATIONS • John J. Mahoney to Chaplain S. Joshua Kohn, regarding the February 3, 1943, Sinking of the USS Dorchester, December 7, 1944 • U.S. Postage Stamp Commemorating Clergy Who Died in the Sinking of the USS Dorchester, 1948 • THE HOLOCAUST AND ZIONISM • “Statement of Principles by Non-Zionist Rabbis,” American Council for Judaism, August 12, 1942 • Telegram from Gerhart Riegner (via Samuel Silverman) to Stephen S. Wise, August 29, 1942 • Letter from Stephen S. Wise to Franklin D. Roosevelt, December 2, 1942 • Sumner Welles to Stephen S. Wise, February 9, 1943 • We Will Never Die Program, Memorializing the Slaughtered Jews in Europe and Commemorating Jewish Contributions to Civilization, March 9, 1943 • Report on Attempts to Stage We Will Never Die, Early 1944 • Max Lerner, “What about the Jews, FDR?” July 22, 1943 • Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver, Selection from “Zionism: What It Is—What It Is Not,” ca. 1944 • “Report to the Secretary on the Acquiescence of This Government in the Murder of the Jews,” Treasury Department, January 13, 1944 • Franklin Roosevelt Establishes a War Refugee Board, January 22, 1944 • Jewish Refugees at Emergency Shelter, Fort Ontario, August 4, 1944 • Leland Robinson et al. to President Harry Truman, Requesting U.S. Citizenship for Refugees Housed at Fort Ontario, Oswego, New York, October 22, 1945 • Poster Urging American Jews to Support the United Jewish Appeal Campaign, n.d. • ANTISEMITISM • Chart, Domestic Antisemitism, 1940–1946 • Activities of Antisemitic and Antidemocratic Groups in the United States, American Jewish Congress, April 2, 1943 • Chart, World Jewry before and after the War, 1939–1945 • CHAPTER 8. AMERICAN JEWISH LIFE, 1945–1965 • IMMIGRATION AND ADAPTATION • Levittown (Pa.) Resident Reflects on His Community, 1950s • Income Levels and Religious Affiliation in Levittown, 1950s • “NCRAC Discusses Decline in Jewish Population in Cities,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, June 22, 1955 • GOVERNMENT, POLITICS, AND CIVIC STATUS • Phineas J. Biron, “Portrait of an Informer,” Israel Light, December 31, 1947 • Preface to the Transcript of Record (June 7, 1952) Provided by the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case • Flyer for Clemency, Rosenberg Case, May 30, 1953 • “Meaning of the [Rosenberg] Execution,” Jewish Life, August 1953 • Soviet Cable Incriminating Julius Rosenberg, September 21, 1944 • RELIGION • Maurice L. Zigmond, Selection from “Brandeis University Is One Year Old,” 1949 • Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver, Selection from “Living Judaism,” Delivered at the Dedication of the New UAHC Headquarters, October 27, 1951 • Beth Sholom Synagogue, Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, 1953 • Image from the American Jewish Tercentenary Filmstrip, Union of American Hebrew Congregations, 1954 • Menachem Schneerson, “In Orthodoxy the Woman Is Not Inferior,” May 27, 1957 • “Ufaratzta!” A Programmatic Statement Delivered by the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Menachem M. Schneerson, 1959 • Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson, “Letter on the Question of Prayer in the Public Schools,” 1964 • FAMILY LIFE • Mrs. Allen I. Edles, Selection from “The American Jewish Woman of Tomorrow,” 1958 • POPULAR CULTURE • Bess Myerson, “Miss America Speaks to Young America,” Jewish Veteran, 1945 • INTERFAITH AND INTERGROUP RELATIONS • Selection from “A Statement by Stephen S. Wise to a U.S. Senate Education Sub-Committee,” April 1947 • Rabbi Julian B. Feibelman, “Petition to the Orleans Parish School Board,” September 12, 1955 • Rabbi Jacob Rothschild, “No Place to Hide,” Southern Israelite, August 1963 • Rabbi William Malev, “The Jew of the South in the Conflict on Segregation,” Conservative Judaism, 1958 • Selection from an Address by South Carolina Speaker of the House Solomon Blatt to the Hebrew Benevolent Society of Charleston, April 6, 1959 • Selection from an Open Letter from Rabbi Richard W. Winograd to the National Director of B’nai B’rith, 1963 • Selection from a Speech Delivered by Rabbi Joachim Prinz at the March on Washington, August 28, 1963 • March on Washington, August 28, 1963 • Search for Civil Rights Workers James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner, 1964 • Selection from Oral History Interview with Kivie Kaplan, regarding His Entrance into Civil Rights Work and His Election as President of the NAACP, 1970 • ZIONISM • President Harry S. Truman, Recognition of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948 • Exchange between David Ben-Gurion and Jacob Blaustein on the Relationship between American Jews and the State of Israel, August 1950 • JEWISH AID, RELIEF, AND PHILANTHROPY • “Major U.S. Jewish Groups Appeal for Equal Rights for Soviet Jews,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, September 29, 1960 • “UN Told Russia Denies Universal Declaration of Human Rights to Jews,” Jewish Criterion, November 18, 1960 • “Khrushchev Talks about Soviet Jews,” Jewish Criterion, March 31, 1961 • “Soviet Mistreatment of Jews Attacked in Both Houses of U.S. Congress,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, January 25, 1962 • ANTISEMITISM • American Jewish Committee, 1945, 1950–1959, Chart, Antisemitism in the United States during the 1940s and 1950s • “No Anti-Jewish Bias Exists in New York College Admission Study Shows,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, July 27, 1959 • CHAPTER 9. TURNING INWARD: JEWS AND AMERICAN LIFE, 1965–1980 • GOVERNMENT, POLITICS, AND CIVIC STATUS • Betty Friedan, “A Comfortable Concentration Camp?” 1963 • Norman Podhoretz, “My Negro Problem?and Ours,” Commentary, February 1963 • Michael Wyschogrod, Selection from “The Jewish Interest in Vietnam,” Tradition, Winter 1966 • Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel, Selection from “The Moral Outrage of Vietnam,” January 31, 1967 • “Radical Saul Alinsky: Prophet of Power to the People,” Time, March 2, 1970 • Jewish Defense League Ten-Point Program, n.d. • Zvi Lowenthal and Jonathan Braun, “An Interview with Meir Kahane,” 1971 • Jewish Defense League Flyer, n.d. • Jo Ann Levine, “A Woman’s Place Is in the House,” Christian Science Monitor, June 28, 1972 • Arthur Hertzberg and David G. Epstein, “Jewish Political Trend . . . ,”Los Angeles Times, May 24, 1984 • Proposed Mission Statement of New Jewish Agenda, 1987 • New Jewish Agenda Promotional Flyer: Some Examples of Our Work, n.d. • RELIGION • “Depaul University, a Catholic Institution, Opens Full Department of Jewish Studies,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, September 4, 1968 • “Jewish Students Launch Drive for Judaic Studies Departments in City University System,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, December 9, 1970 • Sylvia Rothchild, “Havurat Shalom: Community without Conformity,” Hadassah, June 1970 • Bernard Reisman, “The Impact of the Havurah,” Jewish Digest, Summer 1978 • Ezrat Nashim, “Jewish Women Call for Change,” 1972 • “The First American Woman Rabbi,” Reflections by Rabbi Sally Priesand, 1972–1975 • “Jewish Women’s Mag Lilith Hits the Stands,” Jewish Chronicle, July 15, 1976 • INTERFAITH AND INTERGROUP RELATIONS • “Sharp Decline Reported in Anti-Jewish Bias in Winter Resorts,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, August 6, 1965 • Statement for Release by Black and Jewish Organizations, August 28, 1979 • NAACP Head Benjamin Hooks, Speech on Civil Rights, American Jews, and the Palestine Liberation Organization, 1979 • Advertisement, “Jews against Jackson,” New York Times, November 11, 1983 • POPULAR CULTURE • Philip Roth, Selection from “Writing about Jews,” 1963 • Robert Alter, “Malamud as Jewish Writer,” Commentary, September 1966 • Saul Bellow, “I Said That I Was an American, a Jew, a Writer by Trade,” November 14, 1976 • Allan Sherman, Lyrics, “If I Were a Tishman,” 1967 • ZIONISM • “Half of All Americans Register Support for Israel; No American Backs Arabs,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, June 12, 1967 • Milton K. Susman, “As I See It,” Jewish Chronicle, June 16, 1967 • “The Portrait of Courage: The People Made Israel Victorious,” Jewish Chronicle, June 16, 1967 • “The Week That Rocked the World,” June 5–11, Jewish Chronicle, June 16, 1967 • Breira’s National Platform, February 21, 1977 • JEWISH AID, RELIEF, AND PHILANTHROPY • Jackson-Vanik Amendment, 1974 • Poster of Anatoly Sharansky, n.d. • CHAPTER 10. CONTEMPORARY AMERICA: JEWISH LIFE SINCE 1980 • IMMIGRATION AND ADAPTATION • Kevin West, “The Persian Conquest,” W, July 2009 • Saba Soomekh, American Jewish University, “The Political Emergence of the Los Angeles Persian Community,” 2010 • GOVERNMENT, POLITICS, AND CIVIC STATUS • Vision and Mission Statements, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 1993 • “Gore’s Choice for Veep Electrifies American Jews,” Forward, August 11, 2000 • “Remarks as Prepared for Delivery by Senator Joseph Lieberman,” Democratic National Convention, August 16, 2000 • Global Anti-Semitism Review Act, October 8, 2004 • RELIGION • Selections, Mandell L. Berman Institute—North American Jewish Data Bank, n.d. • Rabbi Alexander M. Schindler, “To the Board of Directors of the New York Federation of Reform Synagogues,” March 3, 1983 • Report of the Committee on Patrilineal Descent, Central Conference of American Rabbis, March 15, 1983 • Rabbis Joel Roth and Akiba Lubow, A Standard of Rabbinic Practice regarding Determination of Jewish Identity, 1986 • Press Release, Ezrat Nashim, October 24, 1983 • Rabbi David Weiss Halivni, Letter to the Faculty Assembly of the Jewish Theological Seminary, 1983 • Judith S. Antonelli, “Jewish Feminisms Explore Torah, God, and Sexuality,” Jewish Advocate, January 25, 1991 • Mission Statement of the Society for Humanistic Judaism, October 8, 1999 • Charles Passy, “Debbie Friedman Is a Troubadour of Faith; Synagogues Ring with Folk,” Palm Beach Post, December 6, 2004 • Oren Lee-Parritz, “Synaplex: A Creative Response to a Decline in Synagogue Identification,” Jewish Post, ca. 2007 • Haviva Ner-David, “Breaking the Glass Mehitza,” Hadassah, May 2004 • Josh Nathan-Kazis, “In Dispute over Using ‘Rabba,’ Supporters Find Reason for Optimism,” Forward, March 10, 2010 • Tamar Snyder, “Beyond the Rabba-Rousing,” Jewish Week, March 24, 2010 • Camille Shira Angel, “Rabbi’s Welcome” and Selections from Siddur Sha’ar Zahav, 2009 • ZIONISM • Amanda Carpenter, “J Street Pro-Israel Lobby Takes on AIPAC, Alienates Backers,” Washington Times, October 21, 2009 • Alan M. Dershowitz, “Boycotting Israeli Universities: A Victory for Bigotry,” Haaretz, December 17, 2013 • POPULAR CULTURE • Mission Statement, JDate, 1997 • Paulette Kouffman Sherman, “Eight Love Lessons from the Festival of Light,” December 8, 2013 • Jonathan Miller, “How Adam Sandler’s ‘Chanukah Song’ Helped Save the Jews,” Huffington Post, December 23, 2011 • AMERICAN JEWISH LIFE: TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY DEVELOPMENTS • Tri-Faith Initiative of Omaha, Nebraska, May 2010 • The Adventure Rabbi Program, 2012 • “Moishe House a Place to Call Home,” March 20, 2013 • Presidential Proclamation—Jewish American Heritage Month, May 2013 • Index