The newly established Meiji government sent a large delegation on a tour of Western countries to report on how Japan might modernize its political, economic, and social infrastructure. This embassy of some fifty top officials was headed by Iwakura Tomomi and included such luminaries as Ito Hirobumi and Kido Takayoshi. These emissaries journeyed to the United States and eleven European countries, making thorough investigations into each country's politics, military affairs, trade and industry, education, and culture. Their reports, which helped Japan emerge as a modern industrial nation, constitute an indispensable documentary resource. Volume V covers the ambassadors' visit to the Universal Exposition in Vienna, their travels in Switzerland, the few days they spent in Lyons and Marseilles, and their journey home, during which they travelled through the Mediterranean, the Suez Canal, the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Bengal and the China Sea, calling at Aden, Galle (in Ceylon), Singapore (where a cholera epidemic prevented their landing), Saigon, Hong Kong and Shanghai.