*Still-Life as Portrait in Early Modern Italy* centers on the still-life compositions created by Evaristo Baschenis and Bartolomeo Bettera, two 17th-century painters living and working in the Italian city of Bergamo. This highly original study explores how these paintings form a dynamic network in which artworks, musical instruments, books, and scientific apparatuses constitute links to a dazzling range of figures and sources of knowledge. Putting into circulation a wealth of cultural information and ideas and mapping a complex web of social and intellectual relations, these works paint a portrait of both their creators and their patrons, while enacting a lively debate among humanist thinkers, aristocrats, politicians, and artists. The unique contribution of this groundbreaking study is that it identifies for the first time these intellectually rich concepts that arise from these fascinating still-life paintings, a genre considered as "low". Engaging with literary blockbusters and banned books, theatrical artifice and music, and staging a war among the arts, Baschenis and Bettera capture the latest social intrigues, political rivalries, intellectual challenges, and scientific innovations of their time. In doing so, they structure an unstable economy of social, aesthetic, and political values that questions the notion of absolute truth, while probing the distinctions between life and artifice, meaningless marks and meaningful signs.

[Ornat Lev-er](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ornat_Lev_Er) earned her PhD in art history from Ben Gurion University of the Negev in Israel. She is the co-editor of *Can Art Aid in Resolving Conflicts?* a joint project of IDC Israel and the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.

Table of FiguresChapter I: Introduction Chapter II: Still-Life as Culture 1. The Biographies of Evaristo Baschenis and Bartolomeo Bettera2. Still-life painting in Seventeenth-Century Lombardy 3. Still-Life (with Musical Instruments) Is Not Just Vanitas 4. Still-Life Painting - The State of Research 5. Baschenis's and Bettera's Still-Life Paintings - The State of Research 6. Bergamo - Portrait of an Ebullient Cultural Hub Chapter III: Keeping Score: Painting Music 1. The Conception of Music in Italy of the Early Modern Period: Sounds, Words, and Colour 2. Music in Bergamo 3. The "Music Paintings" - Variations Composed by Baschenis and Bettera with their Paintbrush Chapter IV: Banned Books and Blockbusters 1. Books and Libraries in seventeenth-Century Bergamo 2. Books in Baschenis` paintings 3. Books in Bettera's PaintingsChapter V: A Double Act: Still-Life and Theatre 1. A Gaze at the Theatre 2. The Background and the Stage 3. Curtains 4. Table Coverings and Carpets5. Stage Props 6. Seven Modes of Painting-TheatreChapter VI: Paragone: May the Best Art Win 1. The Paragone 2. Painting and Music 3. Painting and Poetry 4. Painting and Sculpture 5. All of the Arts - Music, Painting, Sculpture, Literature, and Science 6. Music and Science 7. Painting, Music and Literature 8. Painting and Music in the Absence of a ParagoneChapter VII: Conclusion Bibliography