Jihad and Islam in World War I: Studies on the Ottoman Jihad on the Centenary of Snouck Hurgronje's "Holy War Made in Germany"
edited by Erik-Jan Zürcher
Leiden University Press, 2015 eISBN: 978-94-006-0234-2 | Paper: 978-90-8728-239-4 Library of Congress Classification D520.T8J54 2016 Dewey Decimal Classification 940.324561
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC
ABOUT THIS BOOK
Today’s headlines are full of references to jihad and jihadists, but they’re nothing new: a century ago, the entry of the Ottoman Empire into World War I was accompanied by a loud proclamation of jihad as well. This book resurrects that largely forgotten aspect of the war, investigating the background and nature of the proclamation, as well as its effects in the wider Middle East, the fears it stoked among German and British military leaders, and the accompanying academic debates about holy war and Islam.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Erik-Jan Zürcher is professor of Turkish studies at Leiden University.
REVIEWS
"The book is much more than the sum of its chapters. Bringing together some of the leading scholars in the field, Erik Jan Zürcher’s volume provides the first comprehensive account of the jihad declaration of the First World War and its consequences. It reveals the remarkable impact the war had on Muslims around the world and, more generally, sheds new light on the geopolitics of Islam in the modern age. It will become a standard work on the subject."
— David Motadel, University of Cambridge
In January 1915, the leading Dutch Orientalist, Christiaan Snouk Hurgronje, published a stinging critique of Turco-German efforts to provoke a pan-Islamic uprising against the Entente powers...One century later another Leiden professor, Erik-Jan Zu¨rcher, one of the leading historians of Turkey, assembled a group of international scholars to revisit Snouk Hurgronje’s work and the Turco–German jihad effort in the First World War. Taken together, these essays not only demonstrate the folly of jihad-politics in WWI but the errors of modern advocates of religious war today...In all, the collection of essays in this book cohere remarkably well around the central theme launched by Snouck Hurgronje’s wartime critique of Islam politics. A welcome contribution on the role of jihad in WWI, the lessons of one century ago remain tragically relevant in the present day.
— Journal of Islamic Studies
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents List of Figures 7 Preface 11 Introduction: The Ottoman Jihad, the German Jihad and the Sacralization of War 13 Erik-Jan Zürcher 1 Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, “Holy War” and Colonial Concerns 29 Léon Buskens 2 The Ottoman Proclamation of Jihad 53 Mustafa Aksakal 3 (Not) Using Political Islam: The German Empire and its Failed Propaganda Campaign in the Near and Middle East, 1914–1918 and Beyond 71 Tilman Lüdke 4 Domestic Aspects of Ottoman Jihad: The Role of Religious Motifs and Religious Agents in the Mobilization of the Ottoman Army 95 Mehmet Beşikçi 5 Ottoman Jihad or Jihads: The Ottoman Shīʿī Jihad, the Successful One 117 M. Şükrü Hanioğlu 6 Propaganda or Culture War: Jihad, Islam, and Nationalism in Turkish Literature during World War i 135 Erol Köroğlu 7 Gendering Jihad: Ottoman Muslim Women and War during the Early Twentieth Century 153 Nicole van Os 8 Architectural Jihad: The “Halbmondlager” Mosque of Wünsdorf as an Instrument of Propaganda 179 Martin Gussone 9 War, Propaganda and Architecture: Cemal Pasha’s Restoration of Islamic Architecture in Damascus during World War i 223 Hans Theunissen 10 The Man Who Would Be Caliph: Sharīfian Propaganda in World War i 275 Joshua Teitelbaum 11 A German “Illusive Love”: Rashīd Ri˙ dā’s Perceptions of the First World War in the Muslim World 305 Umar Ryad 12 John Buchan’s British-Designed Jihad in Greenmantle 329 Ahmed K. al-Rawi List of Contributors 347 Index 349
Jihad and Islam in World War I: Studies on the Ottoman Jihad on the Centenary of Snouck Hurgronje's "Holy War Made in Germany"
edited by Erik-Jan Zürcher
Leiden University Press, 2015 eISBN: 978-94-006-0234-2 Paper: 978-90-8728-239-4
Today’s headlines are full of references to jihad and jihadists, but they’re nothing new: a century ago, the entry of the Ottoman Empire into World War I was accompanied by a loud proclamation of jihad as well. This book resurrects that largely forgotten aspect of the war, investigating the background and nature of the proclamation, as well as its effects in the wider Middle East, the fears it stoked among German and British military leaders, and the accompanying academic debates about holy war and Islam.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Erik-Jan Zürcher is professor of Turkish studies at Leiden University.
REVIEWS
"The book is much more than the sum of its chapters. Bringing together some of the leading scholars in the field, Erik Jan Zürcher’s volume provides the first comprehensive account of the jihad declaration of the First World War and its consequences. It reveals the remarkable impact the war had on Muslims around the world and, more generally, sheds new light on the geopolitics of Islam in the modern age. It will become a standard work on the subject."
— David Motadel, University of Cambridge
In January 1915, the leading Dutch Orientalist, Christiaan Snouk Hurgronje, published a stinging critique of Turco-German efforts to provoke a pan-Islamic uprising against the Entente powers...One century later another Leiden professor, Erik-Jan Zu¨rcher, one of the leading historians of Turkey, assembled a group of international scholars to revisit Snouk Hurgronje’s work and the Turco–German jihad effort in the First World War. Taken together, these essays not only demonstrate the folly of jihad-politics in WWI but the errors of modern advocates of religious war today...In all, the collection of essays in this book cohere remarkably well around the central theme launched by Snouck Hurgronje’s wartime critique of Islam politics. A welcome contribution on the role of jihad in WWI, the lessons of one century ago remain tragically relevant in the present day.
— Journal of Islamic Studies
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents List of Figures 7 Preface 11 Introduction: The Ottoman Jihad, the German Jihad and the Sacralization of War 13 Erik-Jan Zürcher 1 Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, “Holy War” and Colonial Concerns 29 Léon Buskens 2 The Ottoman Proclamation of Jihad 53 Mustafa Aksakal 3 (Not) Using Political Islam: The German Empire and its Failed Propaganda Campaign in the Near and Middle East, 1914–1918 and Beyond 71 Tilman Lüdke 4 Domestic Aspects of Ottoman Jihad: The Role of Religious Motifs and Religious Agents in the Mobilization of the Ottoman Army 95 Mehmet Beşikçi 5 Ottoman Jihad or Jihads: The Ottoman Shīʿī Jihad, the Successful One 117 M. Şükrü Hanioğlu 6 Propaganda or Culture War: Jihad, Islam, and Nationalism in Turkish Literature during World War i 135 Erol Köroğlu 7 Gendering Jihad: Ottoman Muslim Women and War during the Early Twentieth Century 153 Nicole van Os 8 Architectural Jihad: The “Halbmondlager” Mosque of Wünsdorf as an Instrument of Propaganda 179 Martin Gussone 9 War, Propaganda and Architecture: Cemal Pasha’s Restoration of Islamic Architecture in Damascus during World War i 223 Hans Theunissen 10 The Man Who Would Be Caliph: Sharīfian Propaganda in World War i 275 Joshua Teitelbaum 11 A German “Illusive Love”: Rashīd Ri˙ dā’s Perceptions of the First World War in the Muslim World 305 Umar Ryad 12 John Buchan’s British-Designed Jihad in Greenmantle 329 Ahmed K. al-Rawi List of Contributors 347 Index 349
ABOUT THIS BOOK | AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY | REVIEWS | TOC