This book looks at fatwa in Indonesia during the period following the fall of President Suharto. It is an in-depth exploration of three fatwa-making agencies-Majelis Ulama Indonesia, Lajnah Bahth al-Masail Nahdlatul Ulama, and Majelis Tarjih Muhammadiyah-all of which are highly influential in shaping religious thought and the lives of Muslims in Indonesia. Rather than look at all the fatwa that have emerged in the period, Pradana Boy ZTF focuses on those that have strong repercussions for intra-community relations and the development of Indonesian Muslims more generally, including fatwa pertaining to sectarianism, pluralism, secularism and liberalism.

Pradana Boy ZTF is a lecturer in Islamic Law, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia. Trained as an Islamic legal scholar at Faculty of Islamic Studies, University of Muhammadiyah Malang. His master in contemporary Islamic thought and movements is obtained from Australian National University (2007). Ph.D in Islamic legal thought is completed at National University of Singapore (2015).

Declaration Acknowledgement Table of Contents Summary Notes on Transliteration Chapter I: Introduction A. Background B. Mode of Thought - Traditionalism- Revivalism - Reformism C. Significance of the Study D. Methodology E. Thesis Structure Chapter II: Fatw? in Islamic Legal Theory and Indonesian Legal System A. Introduction B. Fatw? in Islamic Legal Theory C. Fatw? and the Indonesian Legal System D. Conclusion Chapter III: Majelis Ulama Indonesia and Fatw? on Pluralism A. Introduction B. Plurality of Islam and Religious Pluralism in Indonesia C. MUI's Fatw? on Religious Pluralism D. Conclusion Chapter IV: The Progressive Groups' Response A. Introduction B. Competing Religious Ideas and Orientation C. On Diversity and Tolerance - The Problem of Semantic Confusion - Challenging the Religious Authoritarians - Progressives and Social Harmony - In Defense of Freedom of Thought D. Competing Ideas and Mode of Thinking on Liberalism E. Progressives on Secularism in Indonesia Chapter V: The Fatw? on Sectarianism and Its Social Implications: The Case of Ahmadiyah And Shi'a A. Introduction B. Ahmadiyah and its Genesis in Indonesia C. Fatw? on Ahmadiyah D. Shi'a in Indonesia E. Fatw? on Shi'a F. Characteristics of the Mode of Thinking and Implications of Fatw? G. Violence: The Case of Ahmadiyah H. Violence Against the Shi'a I. ClosingChapter VI: Fatw? of Bahth al-Masail Nahdlatul Ulama' A. Introduction B. NU and the Preservation of Traditionalism C. Factors Conditioning Traditionalism - The Aswaja Doctrine - Attitude towards Tradition and Mysticism - Taqlid and Islam Bermazhab D. Lajnah Bahth al-Mas?il and Its Fatw? E. Conclusion Chapter VII: The Fatw? of Majelis Tarjih Muhammadiyah A. Introduction B. The Foundation C. Muhammadiyah's Mode of Thought - Muhammadiyah as Puritan - Muhammadiyah as Reform Movement - Competing Orientation D. The Majelis Tarjih E. Fatwa and Social Changes in MuhammadiyahF. Conclusion Chapter VIII: Conclusion Bibliography Appendices