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Coloniality in the Cliff Swallow
The Effect of Group Size on Social Behavior
Charles R. Brown and Mary Bomberger Brown
University of Chicago Press, 1996
Many animal species live and breed in colonies. Although biologists have documented numerous costs and benefits of group living, such as increased competition for limited resources and more pairs of eyes to watch for predators, they often still do not agree on why coloniality evolved in the first place.

Drawing on their twelve-year study of a population of cliff swallows in Nebraska, the Browns investigate twenty-six social and ecological costs and benefits of coloniality, many never before addressed in a systematic way for any species. They explore how these costs and benefits are reflected in reproductive success and survivorship, and speculate on the evolution of cliff swallow coloniality.

This work, the most comprehensive and detailed study of vertebrate coloniality to date, will be of interest to all who study social animals, including behavioral ecologists, population biologists, ornithologists, and parasitologists. Its focus on the evolution of coloniality will also appeal to evolutionary biologists and to psychologists studying decision making in animals.
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The Effect of Praise and Competition on the Persisting Behavior of Kindergarten Children
Theta Wolf
University of Minnesota Press, 1939
The Effect of Praise and Competition on the Persisting Behavior of Kindergarten Children was first published in 1939. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions.No. 15, Institute of Child Welfare Monograph SeriesIn this study of five-year-olds, an experimenting psychologist has gone beyond previous investigators and attempted to show what factors in the presentation of a task and also in a child’s permanent social field seem to be related to persisting behavior and motivation.Important for psychologists, school principals and teachers, and all who would understand the effect of incentives, is her finding that the nature of the task and – in at least some instances – the order of its presentation in a series have a marked effect on persisting performance.
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Property, Substance, and Effect
Anthropological Essays on Persons and Things
Marilyn Strathern
HAU, 2022
In engaging essays, celebrated anthropologist Marilyn Strathern reflects on the complexities of social life. 

Property, Substance, and Effect draws on Marilyn Strathern’s longstanding interest in the reification of social relations. If the world is shrinking in terms of resources and access to them, it is expanding in terms of new candidates for proprietorship. How new relations are brought into being is among the many questions about property, ownership, and knowledge that these essays bring together.

Twenty years have not diminished the interest in the book’s opening challenge: if one were inventing a method of enquiry by which to configure the complexity of social life, one might wish to invent something like the anthropologist’s ethnographic practice. A wide range of studies deliberately brings into conversation claims people make on one another through relations imagined in the form of body-substance along with the increasing visibility of conceptual or intellectual work as property. Whether one lives in Papua New Guinea or Great Britain, categories of knowledge are being dissolved and reformed at a tempo that calls for reflection—and for the kind of lateral reflection afforded through the “ethnographic effect.”
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