front cover of Performing America
Performing America
Cultural Nationalism in American Theater
Jeffrey D. Mason and J. Ellen Gainor, Editors
University of Michigan Press, 2001
Performing America provides fresh perspectives on the development of visions of both America and "America"--that is, the actual community and the constructed concept--on a variety of theatrical stages. It explores the role of theater in the construction of American identity, highlighting the tension between the desire to categorize American identity and the realization that such categorical uniformity may neither be desirable nor possible.
The topics covered include the links between politics and the stage during the Federalist period, the appropriation of "Indian" artifacts, an exploration of early gender roles, and the metaphorical connections between the theater and western expansion. Other essays treat vaudeville's artistically colonized cultures; Chautauqua's attempt to homogenize culture and commercialize American ideals; W. E. B. Du Bois's pageant, The Star of Ethiopia, as a strategy for constructing "African-American" as "Other" in an attempt to promote a vision of black nationalism; and how theater was used to help immigrants form a new sense of community while joining the resident culture.
The collection then turns to questions of how various ethnic minorities through their recent theatrical work have struggled to argue their identities, especially in relation to the dominant white culture. Two final essays offer critiques of contrasting aspects of the American male.
Throughout, the collection addresses questions of marginality and community, exclusion and inclusion, colonialism and imperialism, heterogeneity and homogeneity, conflict and negotiation, repression and opportunity, failure and success, and, above all, the relationship of American stages at large. It will appeal to readers of a wide range of disciplines including history, American culture, gender studies, and theater studies.
Jeffrey D. Mason is Professor of Theatre, California State University, Bakersfield. J. Ellen Gainor is Associate Professor of Theatre Studies and Women's Studies, Cornell University.
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Shaw's Daughters
Dramatic and Narrative Constructions of Gender
J. Ellen Gainor
University of Michigan Press, 1991
For almost a century critics of George Bernard Shaw's dramatic works have accepted the characterization of Shaw as an artist and thinker well ahead of his time with regard to social issues—women's liberation in particular. Since the first wave of feminist criticism in the 1960s and 1970s, however, very little effort has been made to examine Shaw's works in the light of the most recent and challenging developments in feminist theory and gender studies. Now, at a time of renewed historical interest in his plays, J. Ellen Gainor brings the critical understanding of Shaw's work into the present day. Gainor introduces previously unexamined reviews and articles by Shaw's female contemporaries—and discovers among them a remarkable resistance to his depictions of women. Through an analysis of three major character tropes Gainor discovers dramaturgical patterns in Shaw's gender construction that work against the contention that the author created positive and progressive images of women and that situate his work well within the dominant social ideologies of the late Victorian and Edwardian eras. Gainor demonstrates that positioning Shaw firmly among his contemporaries may actually resolve some of the troubling issues in his dramaturgy, allowing us to understand more clearly the origins of a number of his female character types, and even to see continuities throughout his work where they have not been shown before.
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Southern Women Playwrights
New Essays in History and Criticism
Edited by Robert McDonald and Linda Rohrer Paige
University of Alabama Press, 2001

This timely collection addresses the neglected state of scholarship on southern women dramatists by bringing together the latest criticism on some of the most important playwrights of the 20th century.

Coeditors Robert McDonald and Linda Rohrer Paige attribute the neglect of southern women playwrights in scholarly criticism to "deep historical prejudices" against drama itself and against women artists in general, especially in the South. Their call for critical awareness is answered by the 15 essays they include in Southern Women Playwrights, considerations of the creative work of universally acclaimed playwrights such as Beth Henley, Marsha Norman, and Lillian Hellman (the so-called "Trinity") in addition to that of less-studied playwrights, including Zora Neale Hurston, Carson McCullers, Alice Childress, Naomi Wallace, Amparo Garcia, Paula Vogel, and Regina Porter.

This collection springs from a series of associated questions regarding the literary and theatrical heritage of the southern woman playwright, the unique ways in which southern women have approached the conventional modes of comedy and tragedy, and the ways in which the South, its types and stereotypes, its peculiarities, its traditions-both literary and cultural-figure in these women's plays. Especially relevant to these questions are essays on Lillian Hellman, who resisted the label "southern writer," and Carson McCullers, who never attempted to ignore her southernness.

This book begins by recovering little-known or unknown episodes in the history of southern drama and by examining the ways plays assumed importance in the lives of southern women in the early 20th century. It concludes with a look at one of the most vibrant, diverse theatre scenes outside New York today-Atlanta.

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front cover of Susan Glaspell in Context
Susan Glaspell in Context
American Theater, Culture, and Politics, 1915-48
J. Ellen Gainor
University of Michigan Press, 2003

Susan Glaspell in Context not only discusses the dramatic work of this key American author -- perhaps best known for her short story "A Jury of Her Peers" and its dramatic counterpart, Trifles -- but also places it within the theatrical, cultural, political, social, historical, and biographical climates in which Glaspell's dramas were created: the worlds of Greenwich Village and Provincetown bohemia, of the American frontier, and of American modernism.

J. Ellen Gainor is Professor of Theatre, Women's Studies, and American Studies, Cornell University. Her other books include Performing America: Cultural Nationalism in American Theater (co-edited with Jeffrey D. Mason) from the University of Michigan Press.
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