front cover of Bodymakers
Bodymakers
A Cultural Anatomy of Women's Body Building
Leslie Heywood
Rutgers University Press, 1998
"A highly unique and refreshing contribution. Heywood not only theorizes the relationships among feminism, activism, and bodybuilding but also provides what so many works on built female bodies lack-a feminine historical context. . . . Heywood concludes with a call for women to 'feel our muscles, our power, our terrible, wonderful, monstrous strengths' by leaving behind aerobics, replacing light weights with heavy ones, and claiming our right to take up space. . . . Like all influential and groundbreaking works, this book raises new and important questions that should provide grist for much feminist debate and scholarship in coming years." --Signs

"Bodymakers is most ambitious in terms of its engagement with feminist cultural criticism and its unconventional scope. Heywood comments on film, novels, magazine pictures, popular criticisms of feminism, the J. Crew catalog, [and] the concept of power feminism." --Gender and Society

"In this brilliantly insightful and immensely readable book, Leslie Heywood makes us think about women's body building in an entirely new way. She argues persuasively that, far from being an individualistic, apolitical act, it is a powerful form of resistance, empowering women to overcome their victim status and heal past abuse." --Myra Dinnerstein, University of Arizona

"Bodymakers has a power and an honesty that is unusual in a book with its theoretical sophistication." --Susan Bordo, author of Unbearable Weight and Twilight Zones: The Hidden Life of Cultural Images from Plato to O.J.

"With clarity, force, and passionate investment grounded in both theory and her own experience, Heywood understands that women can strengthen body, mind, and spirit through everyday practice. Her argument that body building is this kind of activist practice is as inspirational as it is poignant." --Joanna Frueh, author of Erotic Faculties

"Flexing her muscles through autobiographical, theoretical, and spectacular acts, Heywood insists that we read the muscular female body not as an 'extreme oddity' but as a 'form of activism' through which we can understand anew larger cultural issues and trends, including the American romance with individualism and the relationship of second and third wave feminisms. Muscular female bodies will never be read in the same way again." --Sidonie Smith, University of Michigan

Women with muscles are a recent phenomenon, so recent that, while generating a good deal of interest, their importance to the cultural landscape has yet to be acknowledged. Leslie Heywood looks at the sport and image of female body building as a metaphor for how women fare in our current political and cultural climate. She argues that the movement in women's body building from small, delicate bodies to large powerful ones and back again is directly connected to progress and backlash within the abortion debate, the ongoing struggle for race and gender equality, and the struggle to define "feminism" in the context of the nineties. She discusses female body building as activism, as an often effective response to abuse, race and masculinity in body building, and the contradictory ways that photographers treat female body builders. Engaging and accessible, Bodymakers reveals how female body builders find themselves both trapped and empowered by their sport.
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front cover of Built To Win
Built To Win
The Female Athlete As Cultural Icon
Leslie Heywood
University of Minnesota Press, 2003
A timely look at the rise of women in sports. The sculpted speed of Marion Jones. The grit and agility of Mia Hamm. The slam-dunk style of Lisa Leslie. The skill and finesse of these sports figures are widely admired, no longer causing the puzzlement and discomfort directed toward earlier generations of athletic women. Built to Win explores this relatively recent phenomenon-the confident, empowered female athletes found everywhere in American popular culture. Leslie Heywood and Shari L. Dworkin examine the role of female athletes through interviews with elementary- and high school-age girls and boys; careful readings of ad campaigns by Nike, Reebok, and others; discussions of movies like Fight Club and Girlfight; and explorations of their own sports experiences. They ask: what, if any, dissonance is there between popular images and the actual experiences of these athletes? Do these images really "redefine femininity" and contribute to a greater inclusion of all women in sport? Are sexualized images of these women damaging their quest to be taken seriously? Do they inspire young boys to respect and admire female athletes, and will this ultimately make a difference in the ways gender and power are constructed and perceived? Proposing a paradigm shift from second- to third-wave feminism, Heywood and Dworkin argue that, in the years since the passage of Title IX, gender stereotypes have been destabilized in profound ways, and they assert that female athletes and their imagery are doing important cultural work to that end. Important, refreshing, and engrossing, Built to Win examines sport in all its complexity. "Built to Win describes a new world--a world where I've always been able to express myself through competition, through my involvement in sport. And though that world still has a long way to go, that world has made my life and my teammates' lives very different from the generations that came before us. We've had the opportunity to play in front of 94,000 screaming fans. We have our own professional leagues. Men in our generation don't assume they're going to be the achievers and we're just going to be their cheerleaders. Built to Win shows the difference this makes--about how far we've come and how far we have left to go." from the foreword by Julie Foudy Leslie Heywood is professor of English at Binghamton University. She is the author of Pretty Good for a Girl: An Athlete's Story (2000), Bodymakers (1998), and coeditor of Third Wave Agenda (1997). A former track and cross-country runner who is currently a competitive powerlifter, Heywood is a vice president of the Women's Sports Foundation. Shari L. Dworkin is a sociologist and works as a research fellow at the HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies at Columbia University. She was a recent guest editor for a special issue on gender and sport in Sociological Perspectives and serves on the editorial board of Gender and Society.
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front cover of The Olympics at the Millennium
The Olympics at the Millennium
Power, Politics, and the Games
Edited by Kay Schaffer
Rutgers University Press, 2000

The Olympics thrill the world with spectacle and drama. They also carry a cultural and social significance that goes beyond the stadium, athletes, and fans. The  Games are arenas in which individual and team athletic achievement intersect with the politics of national identity in a global context.

The Olympics at the Millennium offers groundbreaking essays that explore the cultural politics of the Games. The contributors investigate such topics as the emergence of women athletes as cultural commodities, the orchestrated spectacles of the opening and closing ceremonies, and the alternative sport culture offered via the Gay Games. Unforgettable events and decisions are discussed: Native American athlete Jim Thorpe winning—and losing—his two gold medals in 1912. Why America was one of the few countries to actually send Jewish athletes to the “Nazi Olympics.” The disqualification of champion Ewa Klobukowska from competing as a woman, due to chromosomal testing in 1967.

With the 2000 Sydney Games imminent, several essays address concerns with which every host country must contend, such as the threat of terrorism. Highlighting the difficult issues of racism and nationalism, another article explores the efforts of this country’s aboriginal people to define a role for themselves in the 2000 Games, as they struggle with ongoing discrimination. And with the world watching, Sydney faces profound pressure to implement a successful Olympics, as a matter of national pride.

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front cover of Third Wave Agenda
Third Wave Agenda
Being Feminist, Doing Feminism
Leslie Heywood
University of Minnesota Press, 1997
Young feminists have grown up with a plethora of cultural choices and images­­in the distance from Gloria Steinem to Courtney Love, a chasm has been traversed and an entire history made. In Third Wave Agenda, feminists born between the years 1964 and 1973 discuss the things that matter now, both in looking back at the accomplishments and failures of the past and in planning for the challenges of the future. The women and men writing here are activists, teachers, cultural critics, artists, and journalists. They distinguish themselves from a group of young, conservative feminists, including Naomi Wolf and Katie Roiphe, who criticize second wave feminists and are regularly called on to speak for the "next generation" of feminism. In contrast, Third Wave Agenda seeks to complicate our understanding of feminism by not only embracing the second wave critique of beauty culture, sexual abuse, and power structures, but also emphasizing ways that desires and pleasures such as beauty and power can be used to enliven activist work, even while recognizing the importance of maintaining a critique of them. Combining research, theory, and social practice with an autobiographical style, these writers are hard at work creating a new feminism that draws on the submerged histories of other feminisms--black feminism, "womanism," and working-class feminism, among others. Some topics explored in Third Wave Agenda include feminism in popular music, interracial coalitions, and tensions between individual ambitions and collective action. "Yes, the volume's strong thinkers are eager to refine and reshape the feminism they were raised on-and that they're sometimes frustrated with-but they're determined to do so without disregarding its tremendous positive influence. These girls have theory and they know how to use it-while having a good time, of course." --Bitch: Feminist Response to Pop Culture "It is clear from the analyses of popular culture and the personal narratives combined in this collection that feminism continues to find a place in the mainstream of American culture; it is not confined to the ivory tower or the esoteric debates of feminist theorists." --Composition Studies Contents Part I: What is the Third Wave? Third Wave Cultural Contexts Living in McJobdom: Third Wave Feminism and Class Inequity, Michelle Sidler We Learn America like a Script: Activism in the Third Wave; or, Enough Phantoms of Nothing, Leslie Heywood and Jennifer Drake Reading between the Waves: Feminist Historiography in a "Postfeminist" Moment, Deborah L. Siegel Hues Magazine: The Making of a Movement, Tali Edut with Dyann Logwood and Ophira Edut Part II: The Third Wave and Representation Part Animal, Part Machine: Self-Definition, Rollins Style, Leigh Shoemaker Roseanne: A "Killer Bitch" for Generation X, Jennifer Reed A Tale of Two Feminisms: Power and Victimization in Contemporary Feminist Debate, Carolyn Sorisio Part III: Third Wave Negotiations Deconstructing Me: On Being (Out) in the Academy, Carol Guess Feminism and a Discontent, Lidia Yukman Masculinity without Men: Women Reconciling Feminism and Male Identification, Ana Marie Cox, Freya Johnson, Annalee Newitz, and Jillian Sandel Part IV: Third Wave Activism and Youth Music Culture Duality and Redefinition: Young Feminism and the Alternative Music Community, Melissa Klein Doin' It for the Ladies­­Youth Feminism: Cultural Productions/Cultural Activism, Jen Smith Hip-Hop Matters: Rewriting the Sexual Politics of Rap Music, Jeff Niesel Contributors: Barry Baldridge; Ana Marie Cox; Ophira Edut; Tali Edut; Carol Guess; Freya Johnson; Melissa Klein; Dyann Logwood; Annalee Newitz; Jeff Niesel; Jennifer Reed; Jillian Sandel; Leigh Shoemaker; Michelle Sidler; Deborah L. Siegel; Jen Smith; Carolyn Sorisio; Lidia Yukman. Leslie Heywood is assistant professor at the State University of New York at Binghamton, where she teaches gender and cultural studies and twentieth-century literature. She is the author of several books, including Built to Win (2003), Pretty Good for a Girl (2000), and Bodymakers (1998). Jennifer Drake is assistant professor of English and women's studies at Indiana State University, where she teaches multicultural American literature, U.S. women writers, and creative writing.
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