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The Language of Power, the Power of Language
The Effects of Ambiguity on Sociopolitical Structures as Illustrated in Shakespeare’s Plays
Stephen Cohen
Harvard University Press, 1987
In a fusion of historicist and deconstructive reading strategies, Stephen Cohen asserts the fundamental force of ambiguity on social and political structures in Othello, Macbeth, The Merchant of Venice, and Measure for Measure. He argues that there is an inherently “radical” ambiguity which cannot be controlled by countries or wits. Drawing from the works of a wide range of critics, including Jacques Derrida and Stephen Greenblatt, Cohen show how language itself erodes usurpers’ intentions to shape a world according to their own designs. His account of the transactions between author and reader provides a skeptical critique of readings that remove the loose ends that such “radical” ambiguities impart to the text.
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Latinx Shakespeares
Staging U.S. Intracultural Theater
Carla Della Gatta
University of Michigan Press, 2023

Latinx peoples and culture have permeated Shakespearean performance in the United States for over 75 years—a phenomenon that, until now, has been largely overlooked as Shakespeare studies has taken a global turn in recent years. Author Carla Della Gatta argues that theater-makers and historians must acknowledge this presence and influence in order to truly engage the complexity of American Shakespeares. Latinx Shakespeares investigates the history, dramaturgy, and language of the more than 140 Latinx-themed Shakespearean productions in the United States since the 1960s—the era of West Side Story. This first-ever book of Latinx representation in the most-performed playwright’s canon offers a new methodology for reading ethnic theater looks beyond the visual to prioritize aural signifiers such as music, accents, and the Spanish language.

The book’s focus is on textual adaptations or performances in which Shakespearean plays, stories, or characters are made Latinx through stage techniques, aesthetics, processes for art-making (including casting), and modes of storytelling. The case studies range from performances at large repertory theaters to small community theaters and from established directors to emerging playwrights. To analyze these productions, the book draws on interviews with practitioners, script analysis, first-hand practitioner insight, and interdisciplinary theoretical lenses, largely by scholars of color. Latinx Shakespeares moves toward healing by reclaiming Shakespeare as a borrower, adapter, and creator of language whose oeuvre has too often been mobilized in the service of a culturally specific English-language whiteness that cannot extricate itself from its origins within the establishment of European/British colonialism/imperialism.
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Love Calls Us to the Things of This World
The Return to Belmont in The Merchant of Venice
Jeanne Heifetz
Harvard University Press, 1981
If The Merchant of Venice is in one sense the tragedy of the Outsider, it is also the comedy of the Insiders. This work scrutinizes the values of the Insiders as they are embodied in the joyous return to Belmont in the last act of the play. An analysis of the structure of the Belmont scenes, and of Shakespeare's use of his sources, contributes to the understanding of the real nature of the Christian world of Merchant and of the Christians who inhabit it. Conceived as a part of a larger study of the problem of gifts and giving in Shakespeare's plays, this work examines the various forms of giving in Merchant, seeking to discover whether the ideal of Charity exists in the play. Observing the tension the gift creates between spiritual ideals and physical desires, this essay considers whether Charity is among the values left outside the boundaries of Belmont.
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