American Journal of Education, volume 131 number 4 (August 2025)

This is volume 131 issue 4 of American Journal of Education. The American Journal of Education seeks to bridge and integrate the intellectual, methodological, and substantive diversity of educational scholarship and to encourage a vigorous dialogue between educational scholars and policy makers. It publishes empirical research, from a wide range of traditions, that contributes to the development of knowledge across the broad field of education.