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Two Years in the Pontifical Zouaves: A Narrative of Travel, Residence, and Experience in the Roman States

by Joseph Powell
translated by Sean Brennan and Stephanie A. Longo
Catholic University of America Press, 2026
Paper: 978-1-949822-56-4, eISBN: 978-1-949822-57-1

ABOUT THIS BOOK
Following the formation of the kingdom of Italy in 1860, the new Italian government, led by its King, Victor Emmanuel II, turned its attention to the city it intended to make its capital, the Eternal City, Caput Mundi, Rome. One major obstacle stood in their path, the Papal States, under the leadership of Pius IX and under the protection of French soldiers sent by Emperor Napoleon III. For the Italian nationalist leader Giuseppe Garibaldi, a ferocious anticlerical who had an uneasy alliance with the monarchial Italian government, the Papacy would no longer be allowed to hold back Italy's progress into the modern world. As French commitments to preserve the independence of the Vatican waned, it increasingly fell to one of the most remarkable military units in the history of modern Europe to protect the center of Western Christendom. This unit was the Papal Zouaves, soldiers and officers from all over the world drawn by their Catholic faith to fight on behalf of the Pope against an Italian government which was ruthless in enforcing its authority. They came from as near as Switzerland and Belgium and as far away as Canada and China. This is the memoir of one of the, and Englishmen named Joseph Powell. His story is a chronicle of one of the most tragic clashes of church and state, and how ancient institutions fought to protect their existence against the ruthless waves of modernity.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Sean Brennan is a professor of history at the University of Scranton, the author of The Priest Who Put Europe Back Together: The Life of Father Fabian Flynn, CP and the translator of The KGB and the Vatican: Secrets of the Mitrokhin Files. Stephanie A. Longo is a professor of corporate communication at Pennsylvania State University—Scranton.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Song of the English Zouaves
Contents
Introduction to Reprint
Preface
Acknowledgements
I. Origin and Early Achievements of the Corps—Victories of 1867
II. Secret Societies of the Continent—Critical State of Rome—Courage of an Irishman—Captain de la Hoyde on Mentana
III. General Kanzler’s Report of the Battle of Mentana Addressed to the Pope
IV. French Official Report of the Battle—Mgr. Dupanloup on the Victories—De Quelen and Dufournel—Evidence of the Dispositions of the Romans—Cardinal Donnet on the Pope—Heroism of a Lady
V. Journey to Rome—Engagement in the Zouaves—Life in the Depot—Easter in Rome—Discipline of the Corps
VI. Feast of Corpus Christi—At Monte Rotondo—Promenade to Monte Libretti—Life in the Company at Ceccano—Piperno
VII. March to the Camp of Annibal—Rocca di Papa—Life in Camp—Lake Nemi
VIII. Return to Rome—Life at the Sora—Monti and Tognetti
IX. In Hospital—Life in Rome at the Caserma del Gesù—The Vatican—St. Peter’s
X. Santa Sabina—Feast of St. Joseph—Jubilee of the Holy Father—St. George
XI. March to Montefiascone—Lago di Vico—Beautiful Scenery—Feast of SS. Peter and Paul in Rome—Life at Montefiascone
XII. Theory—Bolsena and the Miracle of the Most Holy Sacrament—Acquapendente—Feast of Santa Christina—Life in Detachment at Bolsena
XIII. Feast of St. Rose at Viterbo—Boating Excursion on Lake Bolsena—Excursion to Orte, Civita Castellana, Soriano
XIV. Return to Rome—At San Michele—Target Firing
XV. The Opening of the Council of the Vatican
XVI. Christmas—Pastoral Music—A Few Words about Leaving the Corps—Sant’ Andrea Della Valle—Confession in St. Peter’s
XVI*. The “Week” in the Zouaves—Parade—Corporal of the Week—The Exhibition of Christian Art—Sant’ Onofrio—Santa Pudentiana and Santa Prassede—Pretorian Camp
XVII. Life at Santa Galla as Corporal—Church of San Martino Ai Monti—Of Sant’agnese—“Versement”
XVIII. Diary During Holy Week—Basilica of St. John Lateran—Easter Festivities
XIX. The Via Appia, Columbardi, and Catacombs
XX. Visit to Tivoli
XXI. Diary Continued—Baths of Diocletian—Santa Croce—Conge
XXII. The Coliseum—Churches on the Coelian, etc.—The Capitol—Ara Coeli—Roman Forum—Arch of Titus—St. Sebastian
XXIII. The Pantheon—Columns—Obelisks—Aqueducts
XXIV. The Kircherlan Museum—Churches of S. Maria in Trastevere, San Pietro in Montorio, and the Gesù—Campo Santo and Tomb of Julian Watts-Russell
XXV. Remarks on the Ancient History of Places Visited Near Rome
XXVI. Return to England—Voyage—Marseilles—Paris—Boulogne—London, etc.
XXVII. The Zouaves at Montefiascone—The Masterly Retreat of Lieut. Colonel de Charette
XXVIII. Events of September 1870—Diary of a Zouave Officer During the Siege of Rome—Combat of Sergeant Shee with Italian Lancers—The Capitulation—A Lady under Fire—Assassination of a Zouave Officer—Brave Conduct of Gentlemen Returning to the Corps
XXIX. The Siege from Another Point of View—Farewell of the Zouaves to the Holy Father—Their Return Home—Italian Soldiers and Irreligion in the Italian Army
XXX. Visitors to Rome—A Sad Incident—Organisation and Discipline
XXXI. The Usurpation—The Pope a Prisoner—France—Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, Consolation, Heroism—Conclusion

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