Preface xiii
Diana F Tomback, Stephen F. Arno, and Robert E. Keane
Part I. Statement of the Problem
1. The Compelling Case for Management Intervention 3
Diana F. Tomback, Stephen F. Arno, and Robert E. Keane
Part II. The Biology of Whitebark Pine
2. Taxonomy, Distribution, and History 29
Ward W. McCaughey and Wyman C. Schmidt
3. Whitebark Pine and Its Environment 41
T. Weaver
4. Community Types and Natural Disturbance
Processes 74
Stephen F Arno
5. Clark's Nutcracker: Agent of Regeneration 89
Diana F Tomback
6. The Natural Regeneration Process 105
Ward W McCaughey and Diana F. Tomback
7. Whitebark Pine, Grizzly Bears, and Red Squirrels 121
David J. Mattson, Katherine C. Kendall, and Daniel P. Reinhart
8. Population Genetics and Evolutionary Implications 137
Leo P. Bruederle, Deborah L. Rogers, Konstantin V. Krutovskii, and
Dn2itri V. Politov
Part III. Whitebark Pine Communities: Threats and
Consequences
9. Successional Dynamics: Modeling an Anthropogenic
Threat 159
Robert E. Keane
10. Blister Rust: An Introduced Plague 193
Geral I. McDonald and Raymond J. Hoff
11. Whitebark Pine Decline: Infection, Mortality, and
Population Trends 221
Katherine C. Kendall and Robert E. Keane
12. Biodiversity Losses: The Downward Spiral 243
Diana F Tomback and Katherine C. Kendall
13. Threatened Landscapes and Fragile Experiences: Conflict
in Whitebark Pine Restoration 263
Stephen F. McCool and Wayne A. Freimund
Part IV. Restoring Whitebark Pine Communities
14. Landscape Ecology and Isolation: Implications for
Conservation of Whitebark Pine 289
Penelope Morgan and Michael P. Murray
15. Management Implications of Genetic Structure 310
Donna Dekker-Robertson and Leo P. Bruederle
16. Growing Whitebark Pine Seedlings for Restoration 325
Karen E. Burr, Aram Eramian, and Kent Eggleston
17. Strategies for Managing Whitebark Pine in the Presence of
White Pine Blister Rust 346
Raymond J. Hoff, Dennis E. Ferguson, Geral I. McDonald, and
Robert E. Keane
18. Restoration Concepts and Techniques 367
Robert E. Keane and Stephen E Arno
19. Social and Environmental Challenges to Restoring
White Pine Ecosystems 402
Hal Salwasser and Dan E. Huff
20. Whitebark Pine Restoration: A Model for Wildland
Communities 416
Stephen F. Arno, Diana F Tomback, and Robert E. Keane
About the Contributors 421
Index 425