Tradition, translation, and transcription in Henrician verse functioned together in systems of communally created, coded position-taking. Understanding this system as an extensive network of production and reception in which women took on many roles allows for new readings of Henrician verse that emphasize the interpretive range available to contemporary reading and writing communities. This restoration demasculinizes our approach to Henrician verse not only through a more equitable consideration of gender’s functions in that social world, but also in de-emphasizing individualized self-fashioning or authorial intent in favor of an engagement with communal production and shared sociopolitical engagement. The creation in this system is not of a code, but of systems for coding and recognizing position-taking. These communal systems offer a site for the intersection of reader and writer, of transcriber and composer, and of King and courtier in a space that questions, creates, and troubles power in the Henrician court.

ecca M. Quoss-Moore, Ph.D., is an assistant professor of Early Modern British Literature at the University of Central Oklahoma. Her research focuses on gender in early modern literature and on demasculinizing literary historiographies. Her work has appeared in Explorations in Renaissance Culture, Appositions, and The Palgrave Handbook of Shakespeare’s Queens.

Acknowledgements
Introduction
Early Verse Position-Taking in the Henrician Court
A. The King’s Courtly Verse
B. Skelton and Early Henrician Courtiers’ Position-Taking
Traditions of Resistance and Verse Position-Taking
A. Wyatt and Contextual Position-Taking
B. Surrey and Self-Authorization
Translation and the Position-Taking Verse Tradition
A. Titles, Tottel’s, and Verse in Context
B. Language Choices and Communal Position-Taking Practice
Men’s and Women’s Approaches to Translation and Authority in the Late Henrician Court
A. Surrey’s Aeneid
B. Wyatt’s Psalms
C. Parr and Hybridized Position-Taking
D. Two Translations into Prose by Early Modern Englishwomen
Elizabeth’s Miroir
Jane Lumley’s Iphigeneia
Transcription as Translation: Writing the Language of Manuscript Poetry
A. Context and ‘Correctness’ in Manuscript Transcription
B. Responsive Reading and Composition
C. Forms and Dialogues
Resistance and Unity in the Douglas-Howard Exchange
A. The Epistolary Exchange
B. Contextual Affect and Effect
Conclusion
Bibliography
Index