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During the 1980s the worldwide interest in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) grew rapidly with the introduction of legislation to control the growing interference problems generated by the increased use of electronic equipment in industry and in the home. The European directive harmonising EMC measurements gave particular impetus to manufacturers and importers of electrical and electronic equipment in Europe to understand EMC design techniques and verification procedures. This book explains how equipment can be verified by testing. It discusses the nature of EMC standards world wide and describes in detail testing methods and their conduct and accuracy. In addition to standard EMC testing, topics including electrostatic discharge, nuclear electromagnetic pulse and lightning are also discussed.

In 1964, of the more than 85 million telephones in the United States and Canada, less than one percent were used regularly by deaf people. If they didn’t ask their hearing neighbors for help, they depended upon their hearing children, some as young as three years old, to act as intermediaries for business calls or medical consultations. In that same year, three enterprising deaf men, Robert H. Weitbrecht, James C. Marsters, and Andrew Saks, started the process that led to deaf people around the world having an affordable phone system that they could use.

       Weitbrecht, a successful physicist with the Stanford Research Institute, had been experimenting with a teletypewriter (TTY) used with shortwave radios. When Marsters, a prominent deaf orthodontist, met Weitbrecht and saw his TTY, he immediately suggested the possibility of resolving deaf people’s decades-long struggle to have access to telecommunications without relying totally upon hearing people as go-betweens. Andrew Saks brought his business acumen to the group, which soon set to work overcoming the daunting problems they faced.

       Harry G. Lang’s A Phone of Our Own: The Deaf Insurrection Against Ma Bell tells how these three men collaborated to solve the technical difficulties of developing a coupling device for TTYs that would translate sounds into discernible letters. More remarkably, and with the help of an expanding corps of Deaf advocates, they successfully assaulted the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T), which in its efforts to protect its monopoly, smashed old TTYs to keep them from being used for potentially competitive purposes. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) also resisted efforts to build a telephone system for deaf people that was available, affordable, portable, and fully accessible. Lang recounts in vivid terms how many other Deaf individuals and groups from all walks of life joined Weitbrecht, Marsters, and Saks against these forces. A Phone of Our Own is an entertaining and engrossing story of how they fought and won, and changed the world for the better for deaf people everywhere.

Since ATM was identified by the CCITT in 1988 as the target transfer mode for broadband communications, there has been considerable research activity on the topic world-wide. Within Europe, the RACE programme of the European Community has brought together experts from a wide variety of organisations to work on several projects. This book results from the work of one of those projects.

The widespread use of mobile internet and smart applications has led to an explosive growth in mobile data traffic, which will continue due to the emerging need of connecting people, machines, and applications in an ubiquitous manner through the mobile infrastructure. The efficient and satisfactory operation of all these densely deployed networks hinges on a suitable backhaul and fronthaul provisioning. The research community is working to provide innovative technologies with extensive performance evaluation metrics along with the required standardisation milestones, hardware and components for a fully deployed network by 2020 and beyond.

Historically, electromagnetics and complex circuit modelling existed as separate disciplines, each with their own tools, models and even languages. More recently, however, the emergence of very high-speed digital circuits and pressure on the telecommunications market to move towards microwave and millimetre wave bands are increasing the need to find ways to combine the two fields.

Billions of wireless applications are proliferating in the global space. The novel wireless systems to support these applications need to satisfy several user-defined metrics to ensure quality of physical experience, quality of service, low latency and ultra-high reliability. Enabling technologies are being developed in order to meet these rate-hungry requirements.

Cooperative networks/relaying is a fundamental design approach that has been used to reduce path-loss and fading effects in conventional wireless communication systems. This book describes the use of this approach in new and emerging telecommunications technologies and new application areas.

The IEE in association with the IEEE and IERE organised an international specialist seminar on Advanced Signal Processing in Radar, Sonar and Communications, in September 1984. The Seminar was held at the University of Warwick and this book contains a collection of the papers presented. Some of the material is of a tutorial nature while some of it represents the latest state-of-the-art. Inevitably, because signal processing is limited by the components available, the subject matter ranges from the individual components and their impact on signal processing, through to the design and assessment of complete systems. The individual contributions come from industry, educational establishments and government research laboratories in the UK and the USA. The order of presentation in the book mainly follows the order in which the papers were presented at the seminar.

Body centric wireless networking and communications is an emerging 4G technology for short (1-5 m) and very short (below 1 m) range communications systems, used to connect devices worn on (or in) the body, or between two people in close proximity. It has great potential for applications in healthcare delivery, entertainment, surveillance, and emergency services. This book brings together contributions from a multidisciplinary team of researchers in the field of wireless and mobile communications, signal processing and medical measurements to present the underlying theory, implementation challenges and applications of this exciting new technology.

This book describes some of the developments in Command, Control and Communication (C3) systems. The topics cover the design of large real-time man-machine systems, which are now a vital area of intensive scientific and financial investment. C3 systems are for complex resource management and planning, and although this has a predominantly military connotation, similar systems are now developing in civil sector applications, public utilities and banking.

The International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC) is one of the most influential technical conferences in the field. The 36th edition was held in October 2018 in Niagara Falls, Canada. These proceedings present a broad spectrum of space communications topics from the conference, from the evolution of GEO from traditional area coverage to Ultra High Throughput Satellites (UHTS), the growing number of mega constellations expected to enter service in the next decade, navigation applications such as vehicle autonomy, wideband data backhaul from scientific and remote sensing payloads in LEO, and the extension of the 5G network to near earth, lunar and deep space environments in support of human exploration.

The International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC) is the oldest and one of the most influential technical conferences in the field. The 37th edition was held from 29th October - 1st November 2019 in Okinawa, Japan. These proceedings present a broad spectrum of space communications contributions from the conference, with highlights including high speed optical communications and feeder links, advanced digital payloads, broadband satellite communication architectures and applications.

As biometrics-based identification and identity authentication become increasingly widespread in their deployment, it becomes correspondingly important to consider more carefully issues relating to reliability, usability and inclusion. One factor which is particularly important in this context is that of the relationship between the nature of the measurements extracted from a particular biometric modality and the age of the sample donor, and the effect which age has on physiological and behavioural characteristics invoked in a biometric transaction.

Ambient intelligence (AmI) refers to environments that are sensitive, adaptive, and responsive to human presence and needs. By weaving AI, sensors, energy-harvesting technologies and computing into everyday surroundings, AmI systems act proactively, rather than waiting for commands, to make spaces like homes and workplaces more efficient and user-centric. By anticipating our needs, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI), and capturing and processing data through sensors, processors, and actuators, which are unobtrusively embedded throughout the environment, ambient systems provide seamless, connected, and uninterrupted everyday experiences that require minimal user intervention.

The aim of this book is to give a clear and concise exposition of the principles and practice of satellite communications by describing the development of communications-satellite services. It will be useful both to engineers who have worked in other fields of telecommunication and to students.

One of the many problems facing designers of fibre systems is the basic question of how best to transmit analogue-sourced signals; either on dedicated point-to-point links or as part of mixed-mode traffic on a predominantly digital fibre service network. This book discusses the fundamental principles involved and describes a variety of techniques and applications. The chapters have been contributed by invited researchers with expertise in a range of areas and outline the latest methods and analytical approaches, components and systems.

Most antennas are assembled from conducting surfaces and wires. The usual approach to numerical analysis of such structures is to approximate them by small surface or wire elements, with simple current approximation over the elements (the so-called subdomain approach), which requires a large amount of computer storage. This book describes a novel general entire-domain method for the analysis of metallic antennas and scatterers which enables the solution of a very wide class of problems to be obtained using computers of relatively modest capability.

Being surface-mounted and chip-like in nature, the antenna booster fits seamlessly in an electronic printed circuit board the same way as any other electronic component such as an amplifier, filter or switch. It can be assembled with a conventional pick-and-place machine, making the manufacture and design of the new generation of IoT and mobile or wireless devices much simpler, faster and more effective.

Two powerful techniques for the analysis of aperture antennas are now used. One is based on the convenient Fourier transform relationship between aperture field and far-field radiation pattern. Here this relationship is derived from the plane wave spectrum representation of the aperture fields. In the near field of the aperture, Fourier transforms become Fresnel transforms. Far-field patterns may be predicted from near-field measurements by treating the near field as the aperture plane. In its application this method is basically the Kirchhoff approximation of diffraction theory. It is accurate for the forward fields of large antennas but cannot provide the lateral and back radiation.

Non-metallic materials and composites are now commonplace in modern vehicle construction, and the need to compute scattering and other electromagnetic phenomena in the presence of material structures has led to the development of new simulation techniques.

Earth observation (EO) involves the collection, analysis, and presentation of data in order to monitor and assess the status and changes in natural and built environments. This technology has many applications including weather forecasting, tracking biodiversity, measuring land-use change, monitoring and responding to natural disasters, managing natural resources, monitoring emerging diseases and health risks, and predicting, adapting to and mitigating climate change.