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Explores how “deep state” conspiracy theories in Greece influenced politics in the country during the Cold War.

This book analyzes the conspiratorial concept of parakratos (translated as “deep state” or “parastate”) as a Cold War parallel power mechanism that exerted a profound influence on the political landscape in post-civil war Greece (1949–1967). A well-known phenomenon to the Greek domestic public, the far right parakratos became the usual suspect for political murders, election rigging, and terrorism during this period. Despite its notoriety for numerous outrageous incidents, including the assassination of the left-wing politician Grigoris Lambrakis in Thessaloniki in 1963, the structure of the parakratos has eluded a comprehensive understanding, primarily due to the paucity of reliable sources and the absence of a scholarly consensus regarding its nature. Parakratos endeavors to problematize the current conception of parakratos by underscoring the capacity of the concept to not only represent but also define and transform the Greek domestic Cold War politics and our perception of it. Rather than seeking to explain the presumed conspiracies typically ascribed to the groups and members, the book aims to demonstrate how these events influenced the domestic and international politics of the era and thereby contributed to the establishment of a legacy of conspiracy theories as a means of political struggle. Moreover, it connects the Greek parakratos to the broader debate on parapolitics as well as the concepts of the dual state, the security state, and the deep state in various national contexts.

A bold, gender-inflected reinterpretation of secular Spanish texts of the early modern period that focuses on sexual violence as expressive of cultural and political issues.

Marcia Welles applies her extensive knowledge of Spanish Golden Age literature and her insightful grasp of current literary theory to synthesize a wide range of material into a uniquely engaging and refreshing interpretation of well-known texts. While the subject of rape and violence has been studied in other European literatures, Persephone's Girdle is the first to do so in the field of early modern Spanish literature.

We are inundated with game play today. Digital devices offer opportunities to play almost anywhere and anytime. No matter our age, gender, social, cultural, or educational background—we play. Play in the Age of Goethe: Theories, Narratives, and Practices of Play around 1800 is the first book-length work to explore how the modern discourse of play was first shaped during this pivotal period (approximately 1770-1830). The eleven chapters illuminate critical developments in the philosophy, pedagogy, psychology, politics, and poetics of play as evident in the work of major authors of the period including Lessing, Goethe, Kant, Schiller, Pestalozzi, Jacobi, Tieck, Jean Paul, Schleiermacher, and Fröbel. While drawing on more recent theories of play by thinkers such as Jean Piaget, Donald Winnicott, Jost Trier, Gregory Bateson, Jacques Derrida, Thomas Henricks, and Patrick Jagoda, the volume shows the debates around play in German letters of this period to be far richer and more complex than previously thought, as well as more relevant for our current engagement with play. Indeed, modern debates about what constitutes good rather than bad practices of play can be traced to these foundational discourses.

Published by Bucknell University Press. Distributed worldwide by Rutgers University Press.