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The increasing adoption of renewable energy is driven by the need to mitigate climate change and address environmental concerns. In this context, microgrids are emerging as an effective solution for improving energy reliability, sustainability, and resilience. However, the intermittency and uncertainty of renewable energy production significantly complicate efficient and reliable energy management. Robust and effective control methods are therefore essential in managing energy supply, and those control systems must be secure and resilient.

Growing shares of intermittent clean generation as well as variable loads lead to challenges for distribution systems at all levels. Energy management systems (EMS) are systems of computer-aided tools used by operators of electric utility grids to monitor, control, and optimize the performance of the generation, distribution or transmission system. EMS help to ensure grid stability and power quality, and can also be used in smaller scale systems such as microgrids.