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Electric vehicles offer more than just transportation; they hold the key to a more resilient energy grid. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology makes this possible, but significant technical, economic, social, and legal challenges stand in the way. This requires advancements in grid planning and operation, power electronics and control, communication, and charging infrastructure. The race is on to maximize the benefits of V2G while minimizing the risks.

Plug-in electric and hybrid vehicles (PEVs) have the potential to provide substantial storage to a city's grid, a key component in mitigating intermittency issues of power sources. But the batteries of these vehicles also need to be charged at times when their users need them. Thus, V2G (vehicle-to-grid) is becoming an important issue in the future grid. An integrated treatment of this system, from power generation, monitoring, storage in stationary and PEV batteries to control is a complex task.