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The integration of new technologies is resulting in an increased demand for security and authentication in all types of data communications. Cybersecurity is the protection of networks and systems from theft. Biometric technologies use unique traits of particular parts of the body such facial recognition, iris, fingerprints and voice to identify individuals' physical and behavioural characteristics. Although there are many challenges associated with extracting, storing and processing such data, biometric and cybersecurity technologies along with artificial intelligence (AI) are offering new approaches to verification procedures and mitigating security risks.

The growing share of renewable energies, as well as the rising demand for electricity for transport and heating, are increasing the importance of power converters and the requirements for reliability and control. Intelligent control can increase converter efficiency, reducing size and weight. The application of intelligent control techniques to power converters has therefore recently become a focus of research.

AI and data-driven methods, particularly machine and deep learning models, have revolutionized image processing tasks such as object detection and segmentation, as well as inverse sensing tasks such as atmospheric condition monitoring. These models enable highly accurate predictions from large, labelled datasets. However, one of the key challenges with current AI systems is their opacity. While they deliver precise results, they often fail to provide clear insights into the underlying mechanisms driving these predictions. The lack of interpretability, especially in the context of sensing data, complicates the understanding of how internal features are represented and utilized. This issue is particularly pronounced in smart environment applications, where artificial intelligence techniques are increasingly employed, yet their internal workings remain largely opaque.