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The integration of new technologies is resulting in an increased demand for security and authentication in all types of data communications. Cybersecurity is the protection of networks and systems from theft. Biometric technologies use unique traits of particular parts of the body such facial recognition, iris, fingerprints and voice to identify individuals' physical and behavioural characteristics. Although there are many challenges associated with extracting, storing and processing such data, biometric and cybersecurity technologies along with artificial intelligence (AI) are offering new approaches to verification procedures and mitigating security risks.

With the rapid evolution of cyberspace, computing, communications and sensing technologies, organizations and individuals rely more and more on new applications such as fog and cloud computing, smart cities, Internet of Things (IoT), collaborative computing, and virtual and mixed reality environments. Maintaining their security, trustworthiness and resilience to cyber-attacks has become crucial which requires innovative and creative cyber security and resiliency solutions. Computing algorithms have been developed to mimic the operation of natural processes, phenomena and organisms such as artificial neural networks, swarm intelligence, deep learning systems, biomimicry, and more. The amazing characteristics of these systems offer a plethora of novel methodologies and opportunities to cope with emerging cyber challenges.