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Changes in federal housing policies over the past several decades shifted the primary responsibility for providing low-income renters with affordable housing from the government to private landlords. Federal, state, and local governments have passed laws to ensure that low-income renters are protected from illicit landlording practices. Yet we know little about how private landlords experience local housing regulations. In Collateral Damages, sociologist Meredith Greif examines how local laws affect private landlords and whether tenants are, in fact, being adequately protected.
 
For three years, Greif followed sixty private landlords serving low- and moderate-income residents in the Cleveland, Ohio, metropolitan area to better understand how local regulations, such as criminal activity nuisance ordinances (CANOs) and local water billing regulations, affect their landlording practices. CANOs are intended to protect communities by discouraging criminal activity on private properties. Property owners can face financial and criminal sanctions if they do not abate nuisance activities, which can include littering, noise, drug use, and calls for police assistance, including calls for domestic violence. Local water billing regulations hold landlords responsible for delinquent water bills, even in cases where the account is registered in the tenant’s name. Greif finds that such laws often increase landlords’ sense of “financial precarity” – the real or perceived uncertainty that their business is financially unsustainable – by holding them responsible for behavior they feel is out of their control. Feelings of financial uncertainty led some landlords to use illegitimate business practices against their tenants, including harassment, oversurveillance, poor property upkeep, and illegal evictions. And to avoid to financial penalties associated with CANOs and delinquent water bills, some landlords engage in discriminatory screening of vulnerable potential tenants who are unemployed or have histories of domestic violence or drug use. In this sense, by promoting a sense of financial insecurity among landlords, laws meant to protect renters ultimately had the opposite effect.
 
While some landlords, particularly those who rented a larger number of units, were able to operate their businesses both lawfully and profitably, the majority could not. Greif offers practical recommendations to address the concerns of small- and mid-sized landlords, such as regular meetings that bring landlords and local authorities together to engage in constructive dialogue about local housing policy, issues, and concerns. She also proposes policy recommendations to protect renters, such as establishing the right to counsel for lower-income tenants in eviction hearings and enacting a federal renter’s tax credit.
 
Collateral Damages is an enlightening investigation on how local laws and practices perpetuate disadvantage among marginalized populations and communities, in ways that are hidden and often unintended.

Landlords are often painted as “rich, indifferent, and miserly.” For Rent humanizes small-scale landlords who are highly involved in their property management and tenant interaction. John Balzarini and Melanie Boyd interview small-scale landlords in Philadelphia to understand how they think, why they invest in rental housing, and how their experiences as housing providers shape both their supportive and detrimental behaviors toward renters. They reveal an earnest desire to provide decent rental housing and resolve rent issues through communication, flexibility, and compromise rather than eviction.

For Rent describes these landlords’ challenges, from social problems connected to high poverty rates, to the increasing consolidation of rental housing by large-scale corporate landlords, which can push small-scale landlords out of the rental housing market. The authors argue that the decline of small-scale landlords could reduce housing affordability and increase evictions. Instead, collectively valuing rental housing and implementing policies that support small-scale landlords can strengthen housing stability and improve outcomes for renters.

Providing a regional focus that is indicative of national trends, For Rent shows the many advantages small-scale landlords have over their corporate competitors, while also critically analyzing the broader housing system that places them on the front lines of managing market contradictions.