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Condition monitoring of engineering plant has increased in importance as engineering processes are automated and manpower is reduced. However, electrical machinery receives attention only at infrequent intervals when plant is shut down and the application of protective relays to machines has also reduced operator surveillance.

Condition monitoring of engineering plants has increased in importance as engineering processes have become increasingly automated. However, electrical machinery usually receives attention only at infrequent intervals when the plant or the electricity generator is shut down. The economics of industry have been changing, placing ever more emphasis on the importance of reliable operation of the plants. Electronics and software in instrumentation, computers, and digital signal processors have improved our ability to analyse machinery online. Condition monitoring is now being applied to a range of systems from fault-tolerant drives of a few hundred watts to machinery of a few hundred MW in major plants.

Rotating electrical machines are embedded in nearly every sector of modern industry; they are widely used in industrial settings, as motors in transportation applications - including electric vehicles - and in power generation, where they are a key component of wind turbines.

Thermal management is an issue with all electrical machines, including electric vehicle drives and wind turbine generators. Excessively high temperatures lead to loss of performance, degradation and deformation of components, and ultimately loss of the system.