Sponsored Migration: The State and Puerto Rican Postwar Migration to the United States
Series Title Page
Title Page
Copyright
CONTENTS
ILLUSTRATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABBREVIATIONS
INTRODUCTION: Migration in the Periphery of Empire
THE STUDY OF PUERTO RICO’S MIGRATION POLICY
PUERTO RICAN MIGRATION AND TRANSNATIONALISM
U.S. EMPIRE STUDIES AND PUERTO RICAN MIGRATION
MIGRATION, COLONIALISM, AND CITIZENSHIP IN THE PERIPHERY OF EMPIRE
POSTWAR MIGRATION AND THE MEANING OF U.S. CITIZENSHIP IN PUERTO RICO
THE COLONIAL STATE AND PUERTO RICAN POSTWAR MIGRATION
WHAT’S AHEAD
CHAPTER 1: Puerto Rican Migration and the Colonial State
MIGRATION AND THE RELATIVE AUTONOMY OF THE COLONIAL STATE
The Colonial State in Puerto Rico
The Colonial State’s Relative Autonomy in Migration
Contract Labor, Individual Migrants, and Migration Policy Before World War II
World War II and Puerto Rican Migration Policy
Migration and Puerto Rico’s Political Status
CHAPTER 2: “Neither Encouraging nor Discouraging”: The Making of Puerto Rico’s Migration Policy
MIGRATION AND POPULATION CONTROL
CHICAGO
THE PUERTO RICAN PROBLEM IN NEW YORK CITY
EXAMINING MIGRATION IN 1947
DEBATING POLICY: THE MIGRATION ADVISORY COMMITTEE
FERNANDO SIERRA BERDECÍA AND PUERTO RICO’S MIGRATION POLICY
THE MAKING OF PUERTO RICO’S MIGRATION POLICY
PUERTO RICO’S MIGRATION LAW
CHAPTER 3: Puerto Ricans as Domestic Workers and the Farm Placement Program
PUERTO RICANS AS DOMESTIC LABOR
THE BUREAU OF EMPLOYMENT AND MIGRATION AND THE FARM PLACEMENT PROGRAM
MIGRATION PLANS TO LATIN AMERICA
CHAPTER 4: There Ain’t No Buses from San Juan to the Bronx: Postwar Migration and Air Transportation
AIR TRANSPORTATION OF LABOR
THE BATTLE FOR THE PUERTO RICAN SKY: REGULAR VERSUS NONSCHEDULED AIRLINES
AIR CRASHES AND AIR TRANSPORTATION SAFETY
AIRFARES
THE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
“VISITORS,” TOURISM, AND AIR TRANSPORTATION
TRAVEL AID AND SAFETY
CHAPTER 5: “Every Puerto Rican a Potential Migrant”: Migrant Education and the English Language Issue
ENGLISH EDUCATION, AMERICANIZATION, AND MIGRATION
POSTWAR MIGRATION AND THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH IN PUERTO RICO
EDUCATION FOR MIGRATION
ENGLISH AND MIGRANT INCORPORATION IN THE UNITED STATES
FIGURE GALLERY
CHAPTER 6: The Beets of Wrath: Migration Policy and Migrant Discontent in
Michigan, 1950
SIX DEGREES OF (COLONIAL) SEPARATION: SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION IN MICHIGAN AND PUERTO RICAN POLITICS
PUERTO RICO’S NEW “BEST FRIEND IN CONGRESS”: FRED L. CRAWFORD AND PUERTO RICAN POLITICS
THE “BIGGEST LABOR AIRLIFT IN HISTORY” BEGINS IN DISASTER
MIGRANT DISCONTENT IN MICHIGAN
NEGOTIATING DISCONTENT
IN THE AFTERMATH OF MICHIGAN
CHAPTER 7: Puerto Ricans as Migratory Labor, the State as a Labor Contractor
THE PRESIDENT’S COMMISSION ON MIGRANT LABOR: PUERTO RICANS AS MIGRATORY WORKERS
THE PRESIDENT’S COMMISSION ON MIGRANT LABOR: THE PUERTO RICAN GOVERNMENT AS A LABOR CONTRACTOR
ORGANIZING PUERTO RICAN LABOR FOR U.S. AGRICULTURE
THE MIGRATION DIVISION: GUIDING THE INCORPORATION OF INDIVIDUAL MIGRATION
PUERTO RICO’S GOVERNMENT AND PUERTO RICANS’ UNCERTAIN FUTURE IN THE UNITED STATES
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
GLOBAL LATIN/O AMERICAS: FREDERICK LUIS ALDAMA AND LOURDES TORRES, SERIES EDITORS