Cover
Half Title
Series
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Contents
1.1. Background
1.2. The Main Research Question
1.3. Relevance of the Subject
1.4. Method
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Method
2.3.1.1 Irenaeus (c.140–c.202)
2.3.1.2. Theophilus of Antioch († c.183)
2.3.1.4. Lactantius (c.250–320)
2.3.1.5. Athanasius (c.296–373)
2.3.1.7. Arnobius († c.330)
2.3.1.8. Basil the Great (c.330–379)
2.3.1.9. Gregory of Nyssa (c.335–c.395)
2.3.1.10. Ambrose (339–397)
2.3.1.11. John Chrysostom (c.349–407)
2.3.1.12. Augustine (354–430)
2.3.1.13. Common Trends in the Patristic Age
2.3.2.1. Hugh of St. Victor (c.1096–1141)
2.3.2. The Medieval Period
2.3.2.2. Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274)
2.3.2.3. Bestiaria
2.3.3.1. Martin Luther (1483–1546)
2.3.3.2. John Calvin (1509–1564)
2.4. Discussion
2.4.1. Do Animals Suffer?
2.4.2. Did Predation Occur in the Uncorrupted Creation?
2.4.4. Animal Natures Changed for the Worse
2.5. Conclusion
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Poetic Reflections
3.3. The Book of Scripture Revised
3.4. The Book of Nature Revised
3.5. Political and Religious Background
3.6. Early-Modern Science
3.7. Method
3.8.1. Edward Topsell (c.1572–1625)
3.8.2. Nicholas Gibbons (c.1600)
3.8.3. Andrew Willet (1562–1621)
3.8.4. Thomas Draxe (†1618)
3.8.5. Godfrey Goodman (1583–1656)
3.8.6. Edward Elton (1569–1624)
3.8.7. George Hakewill (1578–1649)
3.8.8. George Walker (1581–1651)
3.8.9. Thomas Browne (1605–1682)
3.8.10. Kenelm Digby (1603–1665)
3.8.11. John Waite (c.1666)
3.8.12. Henry More (1614–1687)
3.8.13. John Wilkins (1614–1672)
3.8.14. Richard Baxter (1615–1691)
3.8.15. Samuel Gott (1614–1671)
3.8.16. Thomas Hodges (1600–1672)
3.8.17. Ralph Cudworth (1617–1688)
3.8.18. Stephen Charnock (1628–1680)
3.8.19. Richard Franck (1624?–1708)
3.8.20. Robert Boyle (1627–1691)
3.8.21. John Ray (1627–1705)
3.8.22. John Edwards (1637–1716)
3.8.23. Thomas Emes (†1707)
3.8.24. John Norris (1657–1712)
3.8.25. John Witty (c.1682–1712)
3.8.26. Thomas Robinson (†1719)
3.9.1. Animal Death and Predation
3.9.2. Suffering Animals and Divine Benevolence
3.9.2.1. Adam Guilty
3.9.2.2. Are Animals Able to Suffer?
3.9.2.4. The Argument from Design
3.9.2.6. A Blissful Future Awaits.
3.9.3. Conformists and Dissenters
3.10. Conclusion
4.1. Introduction
Chapter 4 Links in a Chain. Concerns with Animals in the Age of Enlightenment (1710–1799)
4.2. Attitude to Animals
4.3. The Argument from Design
4.4. New Views on the Living World
4.5. Method
4.6.1. William Derham (1657–1735)
4.6.2. Bernard Nieuwentijt (1654–1718)
4.6.3. Bernard Mandeville (1670–1733)
4.6.4. William King (1650–1729)
4.6.5. Guillaume-Hyacinthe Bougeant (1690–1743)
4.6.6. John Hildrop (1682–1756)
4.6.7. Isaac Watts (1674–1748)
4.6.8. David Hartley (1705–1757)
4.6.9. John Hill (1706/1714/1716?–1775)
4.6.10. Soame Jenyns (1704–1787)
4.6.11. John Wesley (1703–1791)
4.6.12. Thomas Amory (1691?–1788)
4.6.13. Capel Berrow (1716–1782)
4.6.14. Richard Dean (fl. 1768)
4.6.15. James Rothwell (fl. 1769)
4.6.16. John Bruckner (1726–1804)
4.6.17. Humphry Primatt (1735–1776/7)
4.6.18. Joseph Priestly (1733–1804)
4.6.19. Thomas Balguy (1716–1785)
4.6.20. William Smellie (1740–1795)
4.7. Discussion
4.7.1. Animals Suffer Because Adam Sinned
4.7.3. Animals Suffer as Punishment
4.7.4. Animals Suffer for the Goodness of the Whole
4.7.6. Dissenting Voices
4.8. Conclusion
5.1. Introduction
5.2.1. The Waning Tide of Natural Theology
5.2.2. Geology Enters the Scene
5.3. Method
5.4.1. Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802)
5.4.2. William Paley (1743–1805)
5.4.3. Thomas Gisborne (1758–1846)
5.4.4. Alexander Crombie (1760–1842)
5.4.5. Thomas Chalmers (1780–1847)
5.4.6. William Buckland (1784–1856)
5.4.7. Charles Bell (1774–1842)
5.4.8. Peter Mark Roget (1779–1869)
5.4.9. William Prout (1785–1850)
5.4.10. William Kirby (1759–1850)
5.4.11. The ‘Scriptural Geologists’
5.4.12. John Pye Smith (1774–1851)
5.4.13. Hugh Miller (1802–1856)
5.4.14. John Anderson (1796–1864)
5.4.15. Paton James Gloag (1823–1906)
5.4.16. New Ideas from the New World
5.4.18. Charles Darwin (1809–1882)
5.5. Discussion
5.5.2. For the Goodness of the Whole
5.5.4. Just a Stick to Beat the Dog?
5.6. Conclusion
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Background
6.3. Whatever Is Is Right
6.3.1. Christian Anti-Darwinians About Animal Suffering and Divine Benevolence
6.3.2. Christian Darwinists About Animal Suffering and Divine Benevolence
6.4. Behind the Veil
6.5. God and Nature at Strife
6.6. Discussion
6.7. Conclusion
7.1. Introduction
7.2.1. Animals Do Not Suffer at All
7.2.2. Animal Suffering Does Not Count as Evil
7.2.3 Animals Have Deserved Their Sufferings
7.2.4. Adam Is to Blame
7.2.5. Evil Spirits Are to Blame
7.2.6. Biology Is a ‘Package Deal’
7.2.7. Animal Suffering Is a Necessary Condition for Securing Greater Goods
7.2.8. Animals Receive After-life Compensation
7.3. New Wine in Old Wineskins?
7.4. Brief Theological Postscript
7.5. Conclusion
Summary
Bibliography
Index of Names
Index of Terms
Index of Holy Scripture
