The professional accomplishments of Waldo Gifford Leland (1879-1966) are legendary: historian, surveyor of archival repositories in America and in France, father of the American Historical Association's Conference of Archivists, archival theorist, J. Franklin Jameson's key lieutenant in the battle for the establishment of the National Archives, second president of the Society of American Archivists, and long time head of the American Council of Learned Societies. This splendid classic brings together Leland's most significant writings concerning archives and archival methods, concentrating on the period from 1908 to 1920, when Leland was most involved in helping to create the American archives profession.

This collective work analyzes the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, providing a coherent picture of Ukraine and Eastern Europe in the period 2013–2020. Giving voice to different social groups, scholarly communities and agencies relevant to Ukraine’s recent history, The War in Ukraine's Donbas goes beyond simplistic media interpretations that limit the analysis to Vladimir Putin and Russian aims to annex Ukraine. Instead, the authors identify the deeper roots linked to the autonomy and history of Donbas as a region. The contributions explore local society and traditions and the alienation from Ukraine caused by the events of Euromaidan, which saw the removal of the Donetsk-based president Viktor Yanukovych. Other chapters address the refugee crisis, the Minsk Accords in 2014 and the impact of the new president Volodymyr Zelensky and his efforts to bring the war to an end by negotiations among Russia, Ukraine, France, and Germany.

The book concludes with four proposals for a durable peace in Donbas: territorial power-sharing; the conversion of rebels into legitimate political parties; amnesty for all participants of the armed conflict; and a transitional period of several years until political institutions are fully re-established.

This book addresses a central question about the Cold War that has never been adequately resolved. Why did the United States go to such lengths not merely to “contain” the People's Republic of China but to isolate it from all diplomatic, cultural, and economic ties to other nations? Why, in other words, was American policy more hostile to China than to the Soviet Union, at least until President Nixon visited China in 1972?

The answer, as set out here, lies in the fear of China's emergence as a power capable of challenging the new Asian order the United States sought to shape in the wake of World War II. To meet this threat, American policymakers fashioned an ideology that was not simply or exclusively anticommunist, but one that aimed at creating an integrated, cooperative world capitalism under U.S. leadership—an ideology, in short, designed to outlive the Cold War.

In building his argument, James Peck draws on a wide variety of little-known documents from the archives of the National Security Council and the CIA. He shows how American officials initially viewed China as a “puppet” of the Soviet Union, then as “independent junior partner” in a Sino-Soviet bloc, and finally as “revolutionary model” and sponsor of social upheaval in the Third World. Each of these constructs revealed more about U.S. perceptions and strategic priorities than about actual shifts in Chinese thought and conduct. All were based on the assumption that China posed a direct threat not just to specific U.S. interests and objectives abroad but to the larger vision of a new global order dominated by American economic and military power. Although the nature of “Washington's China” may have changed over the years, Peck contends that the ideology behind it remains unchanged, even today.

Examines the role of an influential neurological institute in shaping a new, interdisciplinary science—neuroscience—and advancing it worldwide.
 
Wired Together explains the rise of neuroscience by tracing the history of the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) and the men and women who transformed it into neuroscience’s most innovative and productive research site. Opened by neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield in 1934, the MNI pioneered the surgical treatment of epilepsy and transformed the operating theater into a new kind of scientific laboratory for investigating the functions of the brain. But more than that, the MNI became a crucial site for forming new interdisciplinary practices. These involved, as Yvan Prkachin puts it, wiring together new assemblies of physicians, surgeons, and scientists into a growing network that made possible the emergence of an interdisciplinary science of the brain.
 
Wired Together also traces how the MNI and its network of scientists spread this new interdisciplinary neuroscience to the rest of the world. Prkachin uncovers the surprising history of some of the most important neuroscientific organizations, discoveries, theories, and instruments from their beginnings in Montreal through the complex international networks of the post-war sciences. In doing so, he tells the stories of the most crucial and least understood characters from early neuroscience—such as Brenda Milner, Donald Hebb, Herbert Jasper, Molly Harrower, and David Hubel—as well as the surprising origins of scientific practices and ideas like sensory deprivation, multiple forms of memory, and artificial neural networks.

The first women lawyers in America, like many of their twentieth-century counterparts, had to reconcile the traditional roles assigned to women with their roles as lawyers. In 1886, a group of women students and recent alumnae of the University of Michigan Law School founded the Equity Club, a correspondence club for women lawyers and law students across the country who were trying to overcome geographic isolation. The Equity Club became the first organization in the United States to forge professional links between women lawyers, and its founding marks the origins of a collective identity among these new professionals. The letters reprinted in Women Lawyers and the Origins of Professional Identity in America reveal the challenges the first women lawyers faced and reflect the diverse opinions they held on the common issues confronting them. Some contended that women should be lawyers on the same terms as men, while others argued that they could bring something special to the profession—like morality, purity, ethics, and humanity—in contrast to the purely business and commercial qualities of law as practiced by men. The discovery and publication of these letters fill a void in the documentary history of the legal profession and the history of women in America. The introductory essay and the biographical information provided about the lives of the members of the Equity Club help to place the letters in the larger contexts of those histories. Women Lawyers and the Origins of Professional Identity in America will prove enlightening to practicing lawyers, who will find that even a hundred years later, many of the letters have remarkable relevance. Scholars and students in women's history, American studies, sociology, and legal history will also find it a valuable resource.