Peter Sifneos describes a type of active and brief psychotherapeutic intervention which he believes is tremendously useful for selected patients with circumscribed emotional difficulties. The therapist assists the patient in defining the conflict underlying his dilemma and helps him learn to solve his emotional problems. As a result of this novel educational experience, the patient is able to use these newly acquired techniques to deal with other hazardous situations after the end of treatment. Indeed, the author maintains, the treatment is similar to an immunization procedure that enables certain individuals to prevent the development of emotional difficulties in the future. Dr. Sifneos describes two forms of this short-term therapy, “crisis-intervention” and anxiety-provoking—with emphasis on the latter—and presents in detail the theoretical background, criteria for selection of appropriate patients, technique, and illustrative case material.

Waiting lists in psychiatric clinics and increasing numbers of patients in long-term psychotherapy have highlighted the need for shorter methods of treatment. Existing forms of short-term psychotherapy tend to be vague and uncertain, lacking as they do a clearly formulated rationale and methodology.

The bold and challenging technique for brief psychotherapy designed around the factor of time itself, which James Mann introduces here, is a method he hopes will revolutionize current practice. The significance of time in human life is examined in terms of the development of time sense as well as its unconscious meaning and the ways these are experienced in both the categorical and existential senses. The author shows how the interplay between the regressive pressures of the child’s sense of infinite time and the adult reality of categorical time determine the patient’s unconscious expectations of psychotherapy.