BiblioVault - Books about Grave goods

Couched in Death

Klinai and Identity in Anatolia and Beyond

Elizabeth P. Baughan

University of Wisconsin Press, 2013

In Couched in Death, Elizabeth P. Baughan offers the first comprehensive look at the earliest funeral couches in the ancient Mediterranean world. These sixth- and fifth-century BCE klinai from Asia Minor were inspired by specialty luxury furnishings developed in Archaic Greece for reclining at elite symposia. It was in Anatolia, however—in the dynastic cultures of Lydia and Phrygia and their neighbors—that klinai first gained prominence not as banquet furniture but as burial receptacles. For tombs, wooden couches were replaced by more permanent media cut from bedrock, carved from marble or limestone, or even cast in bronze. The rich archaeological findings of funerary klinai throughout Asia Minor raise intriguing questions about the social and symbolic meanings of this burial furniture. Why did Anatolian elites want to bury their dead on replicas of Greek furniture? Do the klinai found in Anatolian tombs represent Persian influence after the conquest of Anatolia, as previous scholarship has suggested?

Bringing a diverse body of understudied and unpublished material together for the first time, Baughan investigates the origins and cultural significance of kline-burial and charts the stylistic development and distribution of funerary klinai throughout Anatolia. She contends that funeral couch burials and banqueter representations in funerary art helped construct hybridized Anatolian-Persian identities in Achaemenid Anatolia, and she reassesses the origins of the custom of the reclining banquet itself, a defining feature of ancient Mediterranean civilizations. Baughan explores the relationships of Anatolian funeral couches with similar traditions in Etruria and Macedonia as well as their "afterlife" in the modern era, and her study also includes a comprehensive survey of evidence for ancient klinai in general, based on analysis of more than three hundred klinai representations on Greek vases as well as archaeological and textual sources.

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The Kingdom of Pylos

Warrior-Princes of Mycenaean Greece

Sharon R. Stocker

J. Paul Getty Trust, The, 2025

Presenting archaeological objects from the rich tombs of warrior-princes and the best-preserved Bronze Age palace on the Greek mainland, this volume features the latest discoveries from the dynamic world of Mycenaean Messenia.

Ancient Pylos has long captivated travelers, archaeologists, and historians familiar with Homer’s Iliad and his account of the kingdom of Nestor, the prudent elder counselor in the Trojan War. Excavations begun in 1939 unearthed the storied Palace of Nestor in Messenia, an epicenter of Mycenaean civilization at a crossroads between Crete, Mesopotamia, the Levant, and Egypt.

The Kingdom of Pylos features spectacular works of art and craft, many recently excavated at sites across Messenia, including goldwork of unparalleled artistry, masterfully carved sealstones, weapons, and wall paintings. Essays by an international team of archaeologists examine key discoveries, including the Linear B tablets—the earliest written form of the Greek language—which document the political, religious, and economic organization of the prosperous Pylian community. New research and cutting-edge science cast light on the 2015 find of the Grave of the Griffin Warrior, an extraordinary, intact burial that preserved thousands of artifacts, including the celebrated Pylos Combat Agate, one of the finest works of the Aegean Bronze Age. With over 300 illustrations, The Kingdom of Pylos is the first major publication in English to reconstruct life in the kingdom of Pylos during the Late Bronze Age.

This volume is published to accompany an exhibition on view at the Archaeological Museum of Messenia from February 15 to April 27, 2025, the J. Paul Getty Museum at the Getty Villa from June 25, 2025, to January 12, 2026, and the National Archaeological Museum of Athens from March 1 to June 30, 2026.

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The Mound-Builders

Henry Clyde Shetrone; with a new introduction by Bradley T. Lepper

University of Alabama Press, 2004

A Dan Josselyn Memorial Publication

A classic resource on early knowledge of prehistoric mounds and the peoples who constructed them in the eastern United States

With this accessible volume, Henry Clyde Shetrone made available to general readers the archaeological research data and conclusions concerning the ancient mounds and earthworks that dot the landscape of eastern North America. Dismissing popularly held theories of mysterious giants who built these structures, he explained that their purposes were defensive and ceremonial, that they had been used for habitation, burial, and worship. Their builders were antecedents of the native peoples of present-day America and had been skilled artisans and engineers with successful agricultural practices and structured leadership.

Twenty chapters discuss aspects of mound-builder cultures: quarrying of flint and obsidian for knapping into points; mining of copper and iron and its fashioning into tools and ceremonial objects; spinning and weaving materials and methods; smoking customs; carving of calumets and their use in ceremony; freshwater pearls and other items for body ornamentation; and the use of stone burial vaults, cremation basins, and concepts of an afterlife. Data is presented from excavations ranging broadly from Massachusetts to Florida and from Texas to North Dakota.

As Bradley Lepper points out in his new introduction, "The Mound-Builders is a testament to Shetrone's success at working towards 'correlation and systematization' of data, as well as public education. . . . Shetrone was no armchair popularizer. His work was based on years of excavation and first-hand familiarity with much of the data. His popularizations [still] echo with the ring of the shovel and trowel in gravelly soil."

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