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173 books match the query 'Origins' and 4 start with s

cover of Sabbatian Heresy: Writings on Mysticism, Messianism, and the Origins of Jewish Modernity

Sabbatian Heresy

Writings on Mysticism, Messianism, and the Origins of Jewish Modernity

Edited by Pawel Maciejko

Brandeis University Press, 2017

The pronouncements of Sabbatai Tsevi (1626–76) gave rise to Sabbatianism, a key messianic movement in Judaism that spread across Jewish communities in Europe, Asia, and North Africa. The movement, which featured a set of theological doctrines in which Jewish Kabbalistic tradition merged with Muslim and later Christian elements, suffered a setback with Tsevi’s conversion to Islam in 1666. Nonetheless, for another hundred and fifty years, Sabbatianism continued to exist as a heretical underground movement. It provoked intense opposition from rabbinic authorities for another century and had a significant impact on central developments of later Judaism, such as the Haskalah, the Reform movement, Hasidism, and the secularization of Jewish society. This volume provides a selection of the most original and influential texts composed by Sabbatai Tsevi and his followers, complemented by fragments of the works of their rabbinic opponents and contemporary observers and some literary works inspired by Sabbatianism. An introduction and annotations by Pawel Maciejko provide historical, political, and social context for the documents.
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cover of Scandinavians in Chicago: The Origins of White Privilege in Modern America

Scandinavians in Chicago

The Origins of White Privilege in Modern America

Erika K. Jackson

University of Illinois Press, 2019

Scandinavian immigrants encountered a strange paradox in 1890s Chicago. Though undoubtedly foreign, these newcomers were seen as Nordics--the "race" proclaimed by the scientific racism of the era as the very embodiment of white superiority. As such, Scandinavians from the beginning enjoyed racial privilege and the success it brought without the prejudice, nativism, and stereotyping endured by other immigrant groups. Erika K. Jackson examines how native-born Chicagoans used ideological and gendered concepts of Nordic whiteness and Scandinavian ethnicity to construct social hegemony. Placing the Scandinavian-American experience within the context of historical whiteness, Jackson delves into the processes that created the Nordic ideal. She also details how the city's Scandinavian immigrants repeated and mirrored the racial and ethnic perceptions disseminated by American media. An insightful look at the immigrant experience in reverse, Scandinavians in Chicago bridges a gap in our understanding of how whites constructed racial identity in America.
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cover of Social Justice and Subsidiarity: Luigi Taparelli and the Origins of Modern Catholic Social Thought

Social Justice and Subsidiarity

Luigi Taparelli and the Origins of Modern Catholic Social Thought

Thomas C. Behr

Catholic University of America Press, 2020

Luigi Taparelli, SJ, 1793-1862, in his Theoretical Treatise of Natural Right Based on Fact, 1840-43, presents a neo-Thomistic approach to social, economic, and political sciences grounded in an integral conception of the human person as social animal but also as rational truth seeker. His conceptions of social justice and of subsidiarity are fundamental to modern Catholic social teaching (CST). His work moves away from traditionalist-conservative reaction in favor of an authentically human, moderately liberal, modernity built on the harmony of faith and reason. He zealously deconstructs laissez-faire liberal ideology and its socialist progeny in scores of articles in the Civiltà Cattolica, the journal that he co-founded in 1850. His arguments figure prominently in the Syllabus of Errors (1864) of Pius IX. Though a moderate liberal himself, his reputation as anti-liberal reactionary and defender of Papal temporal sovereignty is the chief reason why Pope Leo XIII later sought to quiet Taparelli’s contribution to the foundations and pillars of modern CST that began with the restoration of Thomistic philosophy in Aeterni Patris (1879), and the “magna carta” of modern Catholic social teaching, Rerum Novarum (1891). Pius XI relies heavily on Taparelli’s concept of subsidiarity in Quadragesimo Anno (1931), and sought to advance interest in Taparelli studies. However, Taparelli’s eclectic philosophical orientation and writing style have been a considerable stumbling block. In this present book, Taparelli’s ideas are evaluated both for their philosophical character but also in their historical context. Taparelli’s theories of the just society and ordered liberty, are as timely nowadays for reasoned political and ethical discourse as ever. The book includes an appendix of translated portions of the Theoretical Treatise of Natural Right Based on Fact that relate to subsidiarity.
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cover of Street Dog: On the Origins and Future of Our Best Friendship

Street Dog

On the Origins and Future of Our Best Friendship

Lee Alan Dugatkin and Anindita Bhadra

University of Chicago Press, 0

A fascinating look at the lives of the world’s largest dog population—street dogs—offering essential insights into your dog’s behavior and the mysterious origins of human-dog cooperation. 

Today, there are close to a billion dogs on the planet. Some twenty thousand years ago, there were none. How did dogs originate from wolves? And how did we begin our best friendship? Although we can’t go back in time, we can study modern dogs for clues. Of today’s dogs, about eighty percent are street dogs, which don’t live in human homes, but near them, existing in a space between wild and domesticated.

This fascinating and eye-opening book offers us a chance to meet these street dogs and, through them, to imagine the earliest stages of human-canine companionship and collaboration. Award-winning author and animal behaviorist Lee Alan Dugatkin and world canine expert Anindita Bhadra take us from the hallways of Bhadra’s Dog Lab onto the bustling streets of Kolkata, India, where we encounter the intelligent, resourceful, and sometimes mischievous street dogs that have lived alongside humans for hundreds of dog generations. By observing these street dogs’ social structures, survival strategies, and personalities—and comparing them to foxes, wolves, and house dogs, among other species—we learn a lot about canine behavior. Take, for example, Bhadra’s discovery that, no matter how vital food is to a street dog, when given a choice between a meal and a gentle carress, dogs choose love over the food. We also learn that many dogs prefer yellow to other colors; that dog grandmoms may adopt unrelated puppies; and that dog genes harbor a mutation that, in humans, is associated with extreme friendliness. We even begin to understand why dogs pee on, well, everything—particularly on other dog pee.

Watching dogs live independent lives alongside humans, we also start to wonder, as Bhadra does, about the origins of human-dog cooperation. She persuades us that early dogs and humans likely protected each other, as many still do today, and that street dogs may help us to imagine our ancestors’ interactions with the earliest proto-dogs. In their engaging exploration, Dugatkin and Bhadra show that getting to know street dogs may help us understand the past, present, and future of our unique interspecies relationship.

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