Results by title

37 books match the query 'Computational linguistics'

Sort by

A Computational Introduction to Linguistics

Almerindo E. Ojeda

CSLI, 2013

In this book, Almerindo E. Ojeda offers a unique perspective on linguistics by discussing developing computer programs that will assign particular sounds to particular meanings and, conversely, particular meanings to particular sounds. Since these assignments are to operate efficiently over unbounded domains of sound and sense, they can begin to model the two fundamental modalities of human language—speaking and hearing. The computational approach adopted in this book is motivated by our struggle with one of the key problems of contemporary linguistics—figuring out how it is that language emerges from the brain.

[more]

A Grammar Writer's Cookbook

Edited by Miriam Butt, Tracy Holloway King, María-Eugenia Niño, and Frédérique S

CSLI, 1999

A Grammar Writer's Cookbook is an introduction to the issues involved in the writing and design of computational grammars, reporting on experiences and analyses within the ParGram parallel grammar development project. Using the Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) framework, this project implemented grammars for German, French, and English to cover parallel corpora.

[more]

Algebras, Diagrams and Decisions in Language, Logic and Computation

Edited by Kees Vermeulen and Ann Copestake

CSLI, 2002

This exemplary volume shows how the shared interests of three different research areas can lead to significant and fruitful exchanges: six papers each very accessibly present an exciting contribution to the study and uses of algebras, diagrams, and decisions, ranging from indispensable overview papers about shared formal members to inspirational applications of formal tools to specific problems. Contributors include Pieter Adriaans, Sergei Artemov, Steven Givant, Edward Keenan, Almerindo Ojeda, Patrick Scotto di Luzio, and Edward Stabler.

[more]

Ambiguity in Language Learning

Computational and Cognitive Models

Hinrich Schütze

CSLI, 1997

This volume is concerned with how ambiguity and ambiguity resolution are learned, that is, with the acquisition of the different representations of ambiguous linguistic forms and the knowledge necessary for selecting among them in context. Schütze concentrates on how the acquisition of ambiguity is possible in principle and demonstrates that particular types of algorithms and learning architectures (such as unsupervised clustering and neural networks) can succeed at the task. Three types of lexical ambiguity are treated: ambiguity in syntactic categorisation, semantic categorisation, and verbal subcategorisation. The volume presents three different models of ambiguity acquisition: Tag Space, Word Space, and Subcat Learner, and addresses the importance of ambiguity in linguistic representation and its relevance for linguistic innateness.

[more]

Arabic Computational Linguistics

Edited by Ali Farghaly

CSLI, 2010

Arabic is an exciting—yet challenging—language for scholars because many of its linguistic properties have not been fully described. Arabic Computational Linguistics documents the recent work of researchers in both academia and industry who have taken up the challenge of solving the real-life problems posed by an understudied language.

This comprehensive volume explores new Arabic machine translation systems, innovations in speech recognition and mention detection, tree banks, and linguistic corpora. Arabic Computational Linguistics will be an indispensable reference for language researchers and practitioners alike.

[more]

Attribute-Value Logic and the Theory of Grammar

Mark Johnson

CSLI, 1988

Because of the ease of their implementations, attribute-value nased theorires of grammar are becoming increasingly populaar in theoretical linguistics as an alternative to transformational accounts, as well as in computational linguistics. Mark Johnson provides a formal analysis of attribute-value structures, of their use in a theory of grammar, of the representation of grammatical relations in such theories of grammar, and the implications of different representations. A classical treatment of disjunction and negation is alo included. "Essential reading for anyone interested in recent unification-based approcahes to grammar. Johnson lucidly lays out a formal framework in which a sharp distinction is drawn between descriptions of linguistic objects and the objects themselves. Negation and disjuntion over complex features, though linguistically desirable, have given rise to many problems, and one of Johnson's main achievements is to show that they can be interpreted using classic logic." -Ewan Klein, University of Edinburgh MARK JOHNSON is assitant professor of cognitive and linguistic sciences at Brown University.

[more]

Automaton Theories of Human Sentence Comprehension

John T. Hale

CSLI, 2014

By relating grammar to cognitive architecture, John T. Hale shows step-by-step how incremental parsing works in models of perceptual processing and how specific learning rules might lead to frequency-sensitive preferences. Along the way, Hale reconsiders garden-pathing, the parallel/serial distinction, and information-theoretical complexity metrics, such as surprisal. This book is a must for cognitive scientists of language.

[more]

Beyond Grammar

An Experience-Based Theory of Language

Rens Bod

CSLI, 1998

During the last few years, a new approach to language processing has started to emerge, which has become known under the name of "Data Oriented Parsing" or "DOP". This approach embodies the assumption that human language comprehension and production works with representations of concrete past language experiences, rather than with abstract grammatical rules. The models that instantiate this approach therefore maintain corpora of linguistic representations of previously occurring utterances. New utterance-representations are constructed by freely combining partial structures from the corpus. A probability model is used to choose from the collection of different structures of different sizes those that make up the most appropriate representation of an utterance. In this book, DOP models for several kinds of linguistic representations are developed, ranging from tree representations, compositional semantic representations, attribute-value representations, and dialogue representations. These models are studied from a formal, linguistic and computational perspective and are tested with available language corpora. The main outcome of these tests suggests that the productive units of natural language cannot be defined in terms of a minimal set of rules (or constraints or principles), as is usually attempted in linguistic theory, but need to be defined in terms of a large, redundant set of previously experienced structures with virtually no restriction on their size and complexity. I will argue that this outcome has important consequences for linguistic theory, leading to a new notion of language competence. In particular, it means that the knowledge of a speaker/hearer cannot be understood as a grammar, but as a statistical ensemble of language experiences that changes slightly every time a new utterance is processed.

[more]

Collaborative Language Engineering

A Case Study in Efficient Grammar-Based Processing

Edited by Stephan Oepen, Dan Flickinger, Jun-ichi Tsujii, and Hans Uszkoreit

CSLI, 2001

Following high hopes and subsequent disillusionment in the late 1980s, the past decade of work in language engineering has seen a dramatic increase in the power and sophistication of statistical approaches to natural language processing, along with a growing recognition that these methods alone cannot meet the full range of demands for applications of NLP. While statistical methods, often described as 'shallow' processing techniques, can bring real advantages in robustness and efficiency, they do not provide the precise, reliable representations of meaning which more conventional symbolic grammars can supply for natural language. A consistent, fine-grained mapping between form and meaning is of critical importance in some NLP applications, including machine translation, speech prosthesis, and automated email response. Recent advances in grammar development and processing implementations offer hope of meeting these demands for precision.

This volume provides an update on the state of the art in the development and application of broad-coverage declarative grammars built on sound linguistic foundations - the 'deep' processing paradigm - and presents several aspects of an international research effort to produce comprehensive, re-usable grammars and efficient technology for parsing and generating with such grammars.

[more]

Collected Papers of Martin Kay

A Half Century of Computational Linguistics

Martin Kay, with the editorial assistance of Dan Flickinger and Stephan Oepen

CSLI, 2010

Since the dawn of the age of computers, researchers have been pushing the limits of available processing power to tackle the formidable challenge of developing software that can understand ordinary human language. At the forefront of this quest for the past fifty years, Martin Kay has been a constant source of new algorithms which have proven fundamental to progress in computational linguistics. Collected Papers of Martin Kay, the first comprehensive collection of his works to date, opens a window into the growth of an increasingly important field of scientific research and development.

[more]

Data-Oriented Parsing

Edited by Rens Bod, Remko Scha, and Khalil Sima'an

CSLI, 2003

Data-Oriented Parsing (DOP) is one of the leading paradigms in Statistical Natural Language Processing. In this volume, a collection of computational linguists offer a state-of-the-art overview of DOP, suitable for students and researchers in natural language processing and speech recognition as well as for computational linguistics.

This handbook begins with the theoretical background of DOP and introduces the algorithms used in DOP as well as in other probabilistic grammar models. After surveying extensions to the basic DOP model, the volume concludes with close study of the applications that use DOP as a backbone: speech understanding, machine translation, and language learning.

[more]

Finite-State Morphology

Kenneth R. Beesley and Lauri Karttunen

CSLI, 2003

The finite-state paradigm of computer science has provided a basis for natural-language applications that are efficient, elegant, and robust. This volume is a practical guide to finite-state theory and the affiliated programming languages lexc and xfst. Readers will learn how to write tokenizers, spelling checkers, and especially morphological analyzer/generators for words in English, French, Finnish, Hungarian, and other languages.

Included are graded introductions, examples, and exercises suitable for individual study as well as formal courses. These take advantage of widely-tested lexc and xfst applications that are just becoming available for noncommercial use via the Internet.

[more]

Flexible Semantics for Reinterpretation Phenomena

Markus Egg

CSLI, 2005

Deriving the correct meaning of such colloquial expressions as "I am parked out back" requires a unique interaction of knowledge about the world with a person's natural language tools, e.g., "I have a car that is parked in the back," and not the wrong literal one. In this volume, Markus Egg examines how natural language rules and world knowledge work together to produce correct understandings of expressions that cannot be fully understood through literal reading. An in-depth and exciting work on semantics and natural language, this volume will be essential reading for scholars in computational linguistics.

[more]

Grammatical Competence and Parsing Performance

Bradley L. Pritchett

University of Chicago Press, 1992

How does a parser, a device that imposes an analysis on a string of symbols so that they can be interpreted, work? More specifically, how does the parser in the human cognitive mechanism operate? Using a wide range of empirical data concerning human natural language processing, Bradley Pritchett demonstrates that parsing performance depends on grammatical competence, not, as many have thought, on perception, computation, or semantics.

Pritchett critiques the major performance-based parsing models to argue that the principles of grammar drive the parser; the parser, furthermore, is the apparatus that tries to enforce the conditions of the grammar at every point in the processing of a sentence. In comparing garden path phenomena, those instances when the parser fails on the first reading of a sentence and must reanalyze it, with occasions when the parser successfully functions the first time around, Pritchett makes a convincing case for a grammar-derived parsing theory.

[more]

Grammatical Framework

Programming with Multilingual Grammars

Aarne Ranta

CSLI, 2011

Grammatical Framework is a programming language designed for writing grammars, which has the capability of addressing several languages in parallel. This thorough introduction demonstrates how to write grammars in Grammatical Framework and use them in applications such as tourist phrasebooks, spoken dialogue systems, and natural language interfaces. The examples and exercises presented here address several languages, and the readers are shown how to look at their own languages from the computational perspective.

[more]

Handbook for Language Engineers

Edited by Ali Farghaly

CSLI, 2002

There is an overwhelming amount of language data on the Internet that needs to be searched, categorized, or processed—making the role of linguistics in the design of information systems a critical one. This book is a guide for linguists hoping to enter the language-processing field, as it assembles distinguished computational linguists from academia, research centers, and business to discuss how linguists can solve practical problems and improve business efficiency. Covering topics from speech recognition to web language resources, this collection will be of great value to both linguists entering the field and businesses hoping to implement linguistics-based solutions.

[more]

Implementing Typed Feature Structure Grammars

Ann Copestake

CSLI, 2001

Much of the work in modern formal linguistics is concerned with creating mathematically precise accounts of human languages—accounts that are particularly useful in research involving language processing with computers. Implementing Typed Feature Structure Grammars provides a student-level introduction to the most popular approach to this issue, and includes software that allows users to experiment with modeling different aspects of language.

[more]

Information Sharing

Reference and Presupposition in Language Generation and Interpretation

Edited by Kees van Deemter and Rodger Kibble

CSLI, 2002

This book introduces the concept of information sharing as an area of cognitive science, defining it as the process by which speakers depend on "given" information to convey "new" information—an idea crucial to language engineering. Where previous work in information sharing was often fragmented between different disciplines, this volume brings together theoretical and applied work, and joins computational contributions with papers based on analyses of language corpora and on psycholinguistic experimentation.

[more]

Intelligent Linguistic Architectures

Variations on Themes by Ronald M. Kaplan

Edited by Miriam Butt, Mary Dalrymple, and Tracy Holloway King

CSLI, 2006

Ronald M. Kaplan has made foundational contributions to the development of computational linguistic research and linguistic theory, particularly within Lexical-Functional Grammar. Intelligent Linguistic Architectures, a tribute to Kaplan’s cutting-edge work, collects computational and theoretical linguistics papers in his research areas. From machine translation to grammar engineering, from formal issues to semantic theory, this ambitious volume represents the newest developments in linguistic scholarship.

[more]

Jacy

An Implemented Grammar of Japanese

Melanie Siegel, Emily M. Bender, and Francis Bond

CSLI, 2017

This book describes the fundamentals of Jacy, an implementation of a Japanese head-driven phrase structure grammar with many useful linguistic implications. Jacy presents sound information about the Japanese language (syntax, semantics, and pragmatics) based on implementation and tested on large quantities of data. As the grammar development was done in a multilingual environment, Jacy also showcases both multilingual concepts and differences among the languages and demonstrates the usefulness of semantic analysis in language technology applications.

[more]

Language and Grammar

Studies in Mathematical Linguistics and Natural Language

Edited by Claudia Casadio, Philip Scott, and Robert Seely

CSLI, 2004

The application of logic to grammar is a fundamental issue in philosophy and has been investigated by such renowned philosophers as Leibniz, Bolzano, Frege, and Husserl. Language and Grammar examines categorial grammars and type-logical grammars, two linguistic theories that play a significant role in this area of study yet have been overshadowed until recently. The prominent scholars contributing to this volume also explore the impact of the Lambek program on linguistics and logical grammar, producing, ultimately, an exciting and important resource that demonstrates how type-logical grammars are promising future models of reasoning and computation.

[more]

Linguistic Databases

Edited by John Nerbonne

CSLI, 1998

Linguistics Databases explains the increasing use of databases in linguistics. Specifically, the works presented in this collection report on database activities in phonetics, phonology, lexicography and syntax, comparative grammar, second-language acquisition, linguistic fieldwork, and language pathology. The volume presents the specialized problems of multi-media (especially audio) and multilingual texts, including those in exotic writing systems. Various implemented solutions are discussed, and the opportunities to use existing, minimally structured text repositories are presented.

[more]

Linguistic Form and Its Computation

Edited by Christian Rohrer, Antje Rossdeutscher, and Hans Kamp

CSLI, 2001

This volume presents results of the Collaborative Research Center "Linguistic Foundations for Computational Linguistics" at the Universities of Stuttgart and Tubingen, whose goal has been to foster interaction between theoretical and computational linguistics. The papers here address topics including syntax, syntax-semantics interface, syntax-pragmatics interface, discourse, methods for lexicon induction, and the challenges of ambiguity.

[more]

Linguistics and Computation

Edited by Jennifer S. Cole, Georgia M. Green, and Jerry L. Morgan

CSLI, 1995

This volume is a collection covering the diverse areas of psycholinguistics, syntax, computational linguistics and phonology. Abney's paper on Chunks provides an interesting new approach to phrase structure, motivated by psycholinguist data, something that is rarely done. Berwick and Fong provide a history of computational implementations of (Chomskyan) Transformational Grammar. Cole's phonology paper, arguing from Chamorro and English stress that cyclicity is not needed in phonology, is also preceded by a one-and-a-half-page introduction on why this is relevant to computation. Coleman's contribution summarises work on computational phonology and describes the York Talk speech synthesis system. Hirschberg and Sproat's paper describes a system they have written to assign pitch accent to unrestricted text in an RT&T text-to-speech system. This is very much applied natural language processing, but their system represents a more thorough-going attempt at doing this well than has been previously attempted, and this appears to be the first write-up of this work. Johnson and Moss introduce Stratified Feature Grammar, a formal model of language, inspired by Relational Grammar but formalised by using and extending tools developed in the unification grammar community. Finally, Nakazawa extends further Tomita's work so that computer science LR parsing methods can be applied to natural language grammars, here feature-based grammars.

[more]

Logic, Langage and Computation, Volume 2

Edited by Lawrence S. Moss, Jonathan Ginzburg, and Maarten de Rijke

CSLI, 1999

The fields of logic, linguistics and computer science are intimately related, and modern research has uncovered a wide range of connections. This collection focuses on work that is based on the unifying concept of information. This collection of nineteen papers covers subjects such as channel theory, presupposition and constraints, the modeling of discourse, and belief. They were all presented at the 1996 Conference on Information-Theoretic Approaches to Logic, Language, Information, and Computation.

[more]

Logic, Language and Computation

Edited by Jerry Seligman and Dag Westerståhl

CSLI, 1996

Subject: Linguistics; Logic; Computational Linguistics

[more]

Logic, Language and Computation, Volume 3

Edited by Patrick Blackburn, Nick Braisby, Lawrence Cavedon, and Atsushi Shimoji

CSLI, 2001

With the rise of the internet and the proliferation of technology to gather and organize data, our era has been defined as "the information age." With the prominence of information as a research concept, there has arisen an increasing appreciation of the intertwined nature of fields such as logic, linguistics, and computer science that answer the questions about information and the ways it can be processed. The many research traditions do not agree about the exact nature of information. By bringing together ideas from diverse perspectives, this book presents the emerging consensus about what a conclusive theory of information should be. The book provides an introduction to the topic, work on the underlying ideas, and technical research that pins down the richer notions of information from a mathematical point of view.

The book contains contributions to a general theory of information, while also tackling specific problems from artificial intelligence, formal semantics, cognitive psychology, and the philosophy of mind. There is focus on the dynamics of information flow, and also a consideration of static approaches to information content; both quantitative and qualitative approaches are represented.

[more]

Open-Domain Question Answering from Large Text Collections

Marius Pasca

CSLI, 2003

Many books have indexes, but most textual media have none. Newspapers, legal transcripts, conference proceedings, correspondence, video subtitles, and web pages are increasingly accessible with computers, yet are still without indexes or other sophisticated means of finding the excerpts most relevant to a reader's question.

Better than an index, and much better than a keyword search, are the high-precision computerized question-answering systems explored in this book. Marius Pasca presents novel and robust methods for capturing the semantics of natural language questions and for finding the most relevant portions of texts. This research has led to a fully implemented and rigorously evaluated architecture that has produced experimental results showing great promise for the future of internet search technology.

[more]

Organic Lawn Care

Growing Grass the Natural Way

By Howard Garrett

University of Texas Press, 2014

Organic gardening expert Howard Garrett offers step-by-step instructions for planting and maintaining lawns, golf courses, and other turf with organic methods that he has proven to be easier, less expensive, and less water-intensive than conventional lawn care.

A lush green lawn is one of the great pleasures of the natural world, whether it’s right outside your front door or on a majestic fairway at a legendary golf course. But anyone who has tried to grow the perfect lawn the conventional way knows it requires an endless cycle of watering and applying synthetic fertilizers and toxic chemical pesticides that costs a lot of money and kills all the life in the soil, on the surface, and on the grass. Fortunately, there’s a better way. Organic lawn care is not only healthier for the environment, it’s actually cheaper and less water-intensive, whether you’re managing a small yard or acres of turf.

In Organic Lawn Care: Growing Grass the Natural Way, Howard Garrett, the renowned “Dirt Doctor,” takes you step-by-step through creating and maintaining turf organically. He begins with the soil, showing you how to establish a healthy habitat for grass. Then he discusses a variety of turfgrasses, including Bermudagrass, bluegrass, buffalograss, fescue, ryegrass, St. Augustine, and zoysia. Garrett explains in detail how to establish and maintain a lawn, including planting, mowing, watering, fertilizing, composting, and managing weeds and pests. And he offers alternatives to lawn grasses and turf, describing the situations in which they might be your best choice.

Follow the program in Organic Lawn Care, and don’t be surprised when your water bill drops dramatically and your lawn or golf course is the best-looking one around.

[more]