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For twenty years, this distinguished series has provided both scholars and practitioners with timely, cross-disciplinary reviews of the best research on today's most contentious and pressing policy issues. Volume 27 includes articles by William Spelman on recent studies of prisons and crime; Brandon C. Welsh and David P. Farrington on monetary costs and benefits of crime prevention programs; Donna Bishop on juvenile offenders in the criminal justice system; Leena Kurki on restorative and community justice in the United States; Martha J. Smith and Ronald V. Clarke on crime and public transport; and Francis T. Cullen/Bonnie S. Fisher/Brandon K. Applegate on public opinion about punishment and corrections.

These two special issues focus on estrangement, a concept that pervades twentieth-century literary study and related fields. Estrangement lies at the heart of human experience in art and life: how the familiar is made strange, perceptible, disturbing, as if never before encountered. Also known as defamiliarization or disautomatization, estrangement originated as a form of literary and poetic theory within Russian formalism in 1917 and was elaborated largely through the work of Viktor Borisovich Shklovsky. In essence, estrangement is a method of analyzing the artfulness, rather than the psychological meaning or logical message, of imaginative works of prose and poetry.

Each essay in these special issues proceeds from a different perspective. Two essays compare the ideas of Shklovsky with those of equally well-known thinkers—such as Hannah Arendt and Mikhail Bakhtin—regarding freedom and aesthetics. Other essays are historical surveys of estrangement theories and their diasporas during the last century. One contributor considers Diderot's views on art alongside certain modern views on poetry. Another discusses estrangement as seen in the visual artwork of the Russian painter and art theoretician Kazimir Malevich. A third contributor explores estrangement in the work of Dostoyevsky. The special issues end with a previously unpublished interview with Shklovsky, who looks back on a long and troubled career, speaking his mind about literary issues, Communist oppression, and friends and enemies, including Stalin.

Contributors. Svetlana Boym, Marietta Chudakova, Jacob Edmond, Caryl Emerson, Michael Holquist, Anna Wexler Katsnelson, Ilya Kliger, Nancy Ruttenburg, Greta N. Slobin, Tatiana Smoliarova, Meir Sternberg, Galin Tihanov, Cristina Vatulescu

Meir Sternberg is Professor of Poetics and Comparative Literature at Tel Aviv University. Svetlana Boym is Curt Hugo Reisinger Professor of Slavic Languages and Literatures, and Professor of Comparative Literature, at Harvard University.

Over the last twenty years, the worldwide expansion of markets has taken a toll on trade unions, dramatically changing the nature of the world’s workforce and significantly weakening labor’s political influence. Globalization has increasingly exposed workers to highly competitive global markets while weakening the consolidated political state on which labor unions have traditionally relied for support and protection. Acknowledging the unprecedented challenges facing trade unions and traditional labor movement, <I>Labor Internationalism</I>, a special issue of <a href="http://www.dukeupress.edu/ssh><I>Social Science History</I></a>, explores the new potential of one of the oldest tools in labor’s repertoire: international labor solidarity. </P><P>While drawing on the established social science explanations of labor solidarity, the contributors to this collection also modify and adapt these paradigms in new and innovative ways, presenting a stimulating example of how historical social scientists can respond to new problems. Focusing on labor solidarity case studies in the United States, Europe, and Latin America, these essays move beyond narrow immiserization/proletarianization-based explanations of solidarity that are increasingly inadequate in an era of globalization to consider labor solidarity as a by-product of interaction with other mechanisms and as part of a larger process that generates transnational collective action. </P><P>One essay explores how workers capitalized on changes in production processes during the 1998 General Motors strike in Flint, Michigan, prompting an unconventional show of transnational labor solidarity that echoed throughout the global factory. Another essay examines present-day cross-border solidarity actions involving U.S. and Latin American workers to emphasize that labor identity and solidarity are themselves products of public negotiation among differing groups of workers. Another contributor investigates the ways in which free trade agreements such as NAFTA have been critical in promoting the growth of “transnational activist networks” that have united trade unionists across North America and across social movement organizations. Other essays utilize case studies to investigate the tactical differences and similarities between social movements, labor movements, and union activities, a complicated relationship that can either hinder or encourage transnational labor solidarity.<BR>

Interest in John Maynard Keynes has increased significantly over the past decade with the publication of his collected writings, increased access to his unpublished papers, and the resulting explosion of secondary literature. Responding to this renewed attention, this collection brings together economists and historians of economics with scholars from philosophy and other related fields to reconsider Keynes’s work and its legacy.
Several of these essays look at Keynes not simply as an economist, but more broadly as a philosopher. Special attention is directed to his views on aesthetics and moral philosophy, as well as his contributions as a probability theorist. The development of the Keynesian heritage is also considered: How did Keynesian ideas become assimilated and domesticated into the mainstream of economic thought—to the point of becoming dominant as the orthodoxy of the economics profession? What was the relationship between postwar British conservatives, Keynes’s work, and Britain’s relative economic decline? The archivist in charge of Keynes’s papers provides an additional vantage point on Keynes’s working methods and the broad range of scholars interested in his writings. Finally, all of the essays are followed by a responder’s comments, thus providing an exchange of viewpoints.

Contributors. A. W. Coats, Allin F. Cottrell, Jacqueline Cox, William Darity, John Davis, Robert Dimand, Peter Groenewegen, Kevin Hoover, Henry E. Kyburg Jr., David Laidler, Michael S. Lawlor, Greg Lilly, D. E. Moggridge, R. M. O’Donnell, Kerry Pearce, Jochen Runde, Teddy Seidenfeld, J. D. Tomlinson

Celebrating the fifty-year anniversary of the Society for French Historical Studies, this Franco-Anglophonic special issue of French Historical Studies considers research on the history of Paris both inside and outside France that highlights innovative work on both sides of the Atlantic.
The underlying premise for this issue is that Paris—in all its vastness and heterogeneity—calls for many kinds of historical treatment. The articles in this special issue and the recent works they build on provide not only new understandings of Paris, but also suggestive samplings of the historiographical possibilities.

Contributors. Alain Faure, Annie Fourcaut, David P. Jordan, Dominique Kalifa, Jo Burr Margadant, Ted W. Margadant, Allan Potofsky, Charles Rearick, Danielle Tartakowsky, Rosemary Wakeman

This collection of essays reflects a new, distinctively rigorous engagement with W. E. B. DuBois’s theoretical and philosophical thought. It includes the first publication of DuBois’s important critical essay on the conceptual foundations of sociology as a science, “Sociology Hesitant.” Taking its title from that 1905 essay, Sociology Hesitant draws attention to the ways in which DuBois’s thinking about the “Negro problem” was an explicit effort to think about the problem of historical agency.
Spanning a wide array of disciplines, from German studies and sociology to literary criticism, philosophy, and anthropology, with contributions from some of the most outstanding scholars in these fields, Sociology Hesitant contributes to the recognition of DuBois as an important historical figure by focusing on the complexity of his theoretical work. These essays offer an extended interaction with the ideas and projects DuBois formulated in a series of essays written between 1887 and 1910 that take up intricate questions concerning the nature of methodology and the theory of knowledge. Using DuBois’s work as a point of departure, contributors explore current thinking about diverse subjects such as geopolitics and postcolonialism. Demonstrating that engaging the question of race requires rethinking the historical nature of theoretical understanding, this collection brings to light the notion that the struggle for equality is a struggle for freedom of thought in pursuit of truth.

Contributors. Kenneth Barkin, Nahum Chandler, Ronald Judy, David Krell, Charles Lemert, Sieglinde D. Lemke, Tommy Lott, Kevin Miles, Abdulkarim Mustapha, Ken Warren

Taxation policy was a central part of the policy debates over the “fiscal cliff.” Given the importance of fiscal issues, it is vital for rigorous empirical research to inform the policy dialogue.  In keeping with the NBER’s tradition of carrying out rigorous but policy-relevant research, Volume 27 of Tax Policy and the Economy offers insights on a number of key tax policy questions.  This year's volume features six papers by leading scholars who examine the tax treatment of tuition at private K-12 schools, the potential streamlining of the federal rules for post-secondary financial aid and the use of tax return information in this process, the effect of tax and benefit programs on incentives to work, the macroeconomic effects of fiscal adjustments, and the set of factors that contributed to the weakening US fiscal outlook in the last decade.

The Collected Letters of Thomas and Jane Welsh Carlyle offer a window onto the lives of two of the Victorian world’s most accomplished, perceptive, and unusual inhabitants. Scottish writer and historian Thomas Carlyle and his wife, Jane Welsh Carlyle, attracted to them a circle of foreign exiles, radicals, feminists, revolutionaries, and major and minor writers from across Europe and the United States. The collection is regarded as one of the finest and most comprehensive literary archives of the nineteenth century.

The essays collected in this issue of boundary 2 were written in response to a call for papers that would treat the contemporary university, in various regions and stages of formation around the world, in light of the interaction between local and global realities. Underlying this project is the assumption that profound changes in economy and world organization transform the function and value of universities in tension not only with the regional histories and forces in which particular universities function but also with what used to be called "the idea of the university." The authors of these essays approach this topic in two ways: some present the history and current situation of the university in a given place and politics, and some write of the new university’s political economy as the state withdraws support for higher education and hands the institutions over to entrepreneurial and transnational corporate culture. None of these essays defends the idea that the university pursues knowledge for its own sake. Yet there is a tinge of nostalgia for this idea, or at least for the idea that the university’s task is to educate, to destroy bias, to cultivate. Of course, such an idea remains the public justification for the existence of the university, especially in the advanced capitalist societies, whose higher classes benefit the most from the globalization of economic production.

Spanning four centuries—from seventeenth-century New France to current debates over the direction of France's Musée National des Arts et Traditions Populaires—this special issue of French Historical Studies focuses on colonialism in French history and explores the questions, problems, and approaches now under consideration by French colonial historians. Until recently, historians of France have fixed their attention on the nation-state, while scholars in colonial studies whose training focused on the peoples and cultures colonized by France were thought to have little to say about the metropole, or even about European colonials residing in the empire. Guest editors Alice L. Conklin and Julia Clancy-Smith, together with the six contributors to this innovative collection, demonstrate unsuspected convergences between the parallel narratives of these hitherto autonomous scholarly terrains and, in so doing, respond in powerfully suggestive ways to the rising scholarly interest in alternative, global perspectives on the past.

Contributors. Saliha Belmessous, Julia Clancy-Smith, Alice L. Conklin, Eric Jennings, Erica J. Peters, Clifford Rosenberg, Daniel J. Sherman, Owen White